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1、曹州一中高三英语复习教学案 （六）专题六 非谓语动词一 动词不定式【精华知识巨献】一、动词不定式的句法功能1不定式作主语To know something about English is one thing;to know English is quite another.注：常用it作形式主语，而把不定式放在句子的后部。 It isnt easy for her to find a new job. It took me a year to save up for a new coat.2不定式作宾语不定式可作某些动词的宾语，常见的动词有：afford,agree,ask,decide,d
2、esire,expect,fail,hope,manage,promise,pretend,plan,intend,refuse,wish等。 He failed to attract her e,get,grow后接不定式作宾语时，意为“逐渐地”。She has a hot temper,but you will grow to like her.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语时，如前面有实义动词do,不定式就要省略to。 It has no choice but to lie down and sleep.3不定式作宾语补足语某些动词如tell,want,wish,advise,
3、other,get,require,expect,remind,persuade, encourage,convince,force,beg,allow,forbid等后可接不定式作宾语补足语。 My doctor advised me to take a rest.某些感官动词如feel,hear,see,watch,notice,observe等或使役动词如have,let,make 等后面可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但如果句子变成被动语态时，就必须带不定式符号to。Did you notice anyone go into the house? Was anyone noticed
4、 to go into the house？某些动词如find,feel,think,expect,consider,make等后可接不定式作宾语，但宾语后要接形容词或名词作宾语补足语，而且要用it作形式宾语。 He found it difficult to work out the problem.be supposed/expected/believed/said/reported to等已是固定结构。 Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.4不定式作定语不定式作定语时常用主动形式表达被动意思。Do you have
5、anything to take home？不定式作定语一般表示将来的动作，但修饰有序数词或形容词最高级限定的名词时，则表示已完成的动作。She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.5不定式作状语作目的状语，还可用短语in order to或so as to。 He sat down to have a rest.作结果状语，表示意想不到的结果，还可用only to。 He left,never to return. He lifted a stone only to drop it on his own
6、 feet.不定式可用在下列句子中表示结果： adj./adv.+enough+to do. too+adj./adv.to do. so+adj./adv.+as to do. He was so careless as to forget to lock the door.不定式可作评注性状语，用以修饰整个句子。T o be honest,I know nothing about it.6不定式作表语 The first step is to check the victims breath. All I did was(to)press the button.7“疑问词+不定式”在句中可
7、充当主语、表语、宾语。 When and where to hold the meeting is not known yet. I didnt know whether to laugh or cry about it.注：此时不可用if to do结构。二、不定式的时态和语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done进行时to be doing完成式to have doneto have been done1不定式的时态一般式表示将要发生的动作或表示一种状态。 What I want you to do is to help Mary with her homework. H
8、e pretended to be asleep when his mother came in.进行时表示不定式动作仍在进行之中。 He is said to be writing a new book. It happened to be raining hard when the accident occurred.完成式表示不定式动作已完成或发生在句子的谓语动词之前。 She seemed to have forgotten the whole thing. He is generally considered to have invented the telephone.2不定式的语
9、态当不定式与自己的逻辑主语之间是主动关系时，用主动语态；如果是被动关系则用被动语态。 He refused to go abroad. He refused to be taken abroad.注：有时要用主动形式表达被动意义：不定式放在形容词之后时。 This book is difficult to understand.个别动词用在“be+不定式”表将来或应该时。 I think he is to blame. 我认为他应该受到责备。三、不定式的省略问题为了避免重复，不定式可用省略形式，但要保留不定式符号to。如果不定式中含有be,have,have been时，这些词也可保留。I h
10、avent been to Hong Kong,but I wish to.“I didnt tell him the news.”“Oh,you ought to have.”二 动名词【精华知识巨献】一、动名词的功能1动名词作主语 Findind work is difficult these days.注：有时用it作形式主语，而把动词的ing形式放在句子的后部。 It is no use crying over spilt milk.2动名词作宾语下列动词后只能接动名词作宾语，不可接不定式作宾语： admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislik
11、e,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish, imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,risk,resist,suggest等。 I admit breaking the window. She just missed burning her hand.下列短语后要接动名词作宾语：burst out,cant stand,end up,give up,feel like,keep on,insist on,look forward to,put off,devote.to,object to,be busy(in),get down to,have dif
12、ficulty/trouble(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),have fun等。 He has given up smoking. He didnt want to end up going home alone.下列动词或短语后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义上有所不同。 forget to do sth.忘记去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已经做过某事 remember to do sth.记住去做某事 remember doint sth.记得曾经做过某事 regret to do sth.很遗憾要去做某事 regret
13、doing sth.后悔做过某事 stop to do sth.停下来接着做另一件事 stop doing sth.停止做一件事 try to do sth.努力/试图做某事 try doing sth.尝试着做某事 mean to do sth.意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事 cant help to do sth.不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事 be used to do sth.被用来做某事 be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 Remember to post the letter for m
14、e on your way to school. 请你在上学的路上记住替我把这封信寄出去。 I remember turning off the light before I left the office. 我记得在离开办公室前关上了灯。动词like,love,prefer,hate,continue等后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。但如表示经常性的动作要用动名词，如表示具体的行为要用不定式。 I like swimming,but I dont like to swim this afternoon.注：在prefer.to.结构中用动名词，而在prefer.rather than.结构中则
15、用不定式。 I prefer walking there to taking a bus. I prefer to walk there rather than take a bus.动词allow，advise，forbid,permit等后接动名词作宾语，但要接不定式作宾语补足语。 We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解时，其后要用动名词的主动语态或不定式的被动语态作宾语。与此相同用法的动词还有deserve“值得”。 The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.形容
