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1、岳州中学高二年级英语导学案课题M5U1 Grammar1第1课时编制人课型新授课学生姓名小组名 学习目标掌握不定式的用法重点难点在那些情况下用不带to的不定式学法指导1. 课前30分钟预习学案。找出自己的疑惑和需要讨论的问题，用红笔做好标记。2. 课上25分钟高效讨论展示答案 3. 课上10-15分钟答疑解惑。 4. 课后20分钟巩固学习学 案 内 容札记导学过程【自主学习】翻译下列句子，并说明不定式在句子中充当什么成分1.To do that sort of thing is foolish。 ( )2.I want to see you this evening ( )3.All you
2、have to do is to finish it quickly. ( )4.We found a house to live in. ( )5.She came here to study English. ( )6. I warned the patient not to drink cold water after the operation. ( )【合作探究】一、不定式做主语1.观察：Learning English is necessary. To go to a good university is my dream.思考动名词和不定式做主语的区别_即学即练：_(save)
3、money is necessary, but _(save) money now is impossible for me. 2.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有：(1) It isadj./ n. (for sb.sth.) to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。例如：It was impossible_ them _( complete ) the task in
4、such a short time.用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, pleasure, ones duty, ones job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。例如：It is good manners _the young_( give ) their seats to the old. It is our duty_(protect ) the earth.(2)It isadj.of sb.to do sth. 该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, i
5、mpolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。例如：It is foolish_you _ (think )so.(3) It takes sb.some timeto do sth. 该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如：_ took us half an hour _( ride ) to the town by bike. 二、不定式作表语 主语+系动词+不定式，其主语多为抽象名词(wish, aim .)eg： My wish is _( be ) a scientist.三、不定式作宾语1.常接不定式做宾语的动词： learn; agree; plan
6、; ask; help; decide; want; fail; manage; expect; hope; wish; promise; offer; refuse; choose; afford；would like1. I want to buy a computer. 2. She hopes to find a better job.备注：help可以接带to的不定式，也可以接不带to的不定式2.it做形式宾语，不定式做真正的宾语think/ find/ feel/ consider/ make/ regard it adj/n. to doI find_difficult_(lea
7、rn ) English well.He feels _his duty_( help) the poor.四、动词不定式作宾语补足语：(v. + sb. + to do )e.g. She asked me to help her. want; wish; expect; ask; help; tell; get; order; promise; warn; cause; would like; 备注：hope, suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。改错： I hope you to have a happy birthday.五、作状语 动词不定式作状语，可表示目的、原因、结果或
8、条件。例如：1). 目的状语: 可放于句首,也可放于句中, 此时to=in order to，还可以用so as to代替，只是so as to不放于句首eg: He got up very early to catch the first train.备注：有时看到句子后面出现了have to，need等，一般可以判断句首用不定式做目的状语。例如： _(complete) the task on time, I had to stay up.2). 原因状语: 主语+系动词+adj.+ to doa.不定式作原因状语主要用于表示表情与心理状态的动词或表语形容词；表示人对某事某物的反应如何，有
9、一种直觉感，常译作“因而”的说法。常见的这类表情心态形容词有（be）glad, happy, sorry, sad, worried, pleased, satisfied, surprised, shocked, terrified, frightened, disappointed，anxious(忧虑)，afraid等。I am happy to be your English teacher.b.sb+be动词+描述某人的品德、特征的形容词，如： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等，
10、接不定式做原因状语You are silly_( make) so many mistakes in the test3). 结果状语:主要用在enough to/tooto/only to结构中。eg: The question is too difficult to answer. He is old enough to look after himself. I hurried to the supermarket, only _(find) it was closed. He hurried to the theatre, only_(tell ) the tickets had be
11、en sold out.备注：下列形容词后常接不定式做结果状语： interesting, difficult, easy, important, possible, expensive, dangerous, useful.（而且此时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义)eg: The question is easy _( answer). He is difficult to teach.六、作定语不定式做定语总是放在它所修饰的名词之后,不定式表示的行为通常是未来的行为,它们常和被修饰的词有动宾关系,主谓关系和修饰性关系.1). 动宾关系: （若是不及物动词，介词不能省略） I have a
12、 lot of work to do. Give me a piece of paper to write _. I have no one to talk_. Please find a chair to sit_.2). 主谓关系: She is the best person to finish the work. Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboat.3). 修饰性关系(同位),它所修饰的词多为抽象名词. ability,chance, way, ,need, time, attempt, , decisi
13、on, effort, failure, promise,right, courage, reason, wish, eg: But she gave up the chance_( go ) abroad. There is no need for him _( come). He has no time to read the book.备注：下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语： 由only, first, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，也常接不定式作定语。例如：Who was the last one _( leave ) the classroom last n
14、ight?附加：用不带to的不定式的情况：1.使役动词(let,make，have) let sb do sth make sb do sth have sb do sth但是如果let与make用于被动语态，此时要接带to 的 不定式 eg. The teacher often lets/makes/ has his students read aloud in class.=His students is often let/ made_ _aloud in class2.实义动词help可以接不带to的不定式，也可以接带to的不定式I often help my mother_some housework.=I often help my mother_ _some housework.3.感官动词( hear,see,watch,notice,obse
