初中英语语法微课教案

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1、初中英语语法微课教案(定语从句)定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有:when, where, why等。18.1关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: is he the

2、man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)2) whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还能够同of which互换)。例如: they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 please pass me the book whose (of which) cov

3、er is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: a prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)the package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)18.2关系副词引导的定语从句 关系

4、副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构,所以常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如: there are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 beijing is the place where(in which) i was born. 北京是我的出生地。 is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们协助他的理由吗?2)that

5、代替关系副词,能够用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和介+which引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如: his father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 he is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。18.3判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的

6、谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: this is the mountain village where i stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 ill never forget the days when i worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错: (错) this is the mountain village where i visited last year. (错) i will never forget the days when i spent in

7、 the countryside. (对) this is the mountain village (which) i visited last year. (对) ill never forget the days (which) i spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. is this museum _ you visited a few days age? a. wher

8、eb. that c. on which d. the one例2. is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. a. whereb. that c. on whichd. the one答案:例1 d,例2 a例1变为肯定句: this museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句: this is the museum _ the exhibition was held.在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语

9、,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选d。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选a。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。18.4限制性和非限制性定语从句1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可

10、缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如:this is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)the house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如:charles smith, who was my former teacher, reti

11、red last year.查理史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。my house, which i bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 this novel, which i have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如:he seems not to have grasped what i meant, which greatly

12、 upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。18.5介词+关系词1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。2)that前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如: this is the house in which i lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 this is the house where i lived two years ago. do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗? do you remember the day when you joined our club?

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