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1、肺癌相关英文词汇小结Chapter 64 Lung Can cer肺癌1. L ung can cer/L ung care ino mas 肺癌12.malig nan t tran sformatio n恶性转化2. solid tumor originating from bronchial epithelial cells来源于支气管内皮细胞的实体肿瘤3. N on small cell lu ng can cer (NSCLC) 非小细胞肺癌4. small cell lu ng can cer (SCLC)小细胞肺癌13.overexpression of c-KIT in SCL
2、C小细胞肺癌细胞c-KIT过表达14. epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in NSCLC非小细胞肺癌表皮生长因子受体15. affect disease prog no sis影响疾病预后24. The major cell types are SCLC (15%5. n atural histories自然病程6. resp on ses to therapy治疗有效7. L ungcarci no mas arise from n ormalbron chial epithelial cells that have acquired mult
3、iple genetic lesions and are capable of express ing a variety of phe no types 肺癌来源于支气管上皮细胞，这些细胞在 后天产生了多种基因缺陷，并且表现出多种表型。8. Activati on of proto on coge nes原癌基因激活9.i nhibiti on or mutati on of tumor suppressor genes抑癌基因抑制或突变10. product ion of autocri ne growth factors 自分泌产生生长因子11. cellular proliferati
4、 on细胞增殖16. Cigarette smoking is responsible for 80% of lung cancer cases80%的肺癌是由于吸烟导致的17. exposure to respiratory carci nogens 暴露于呼吸道致癌物18. asbestos石棉19. Be nzene本20. genetic risk factors基因风险因素21. history of other lung diseases其他肺部疾病病史22. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD慢性阻塞性肺病23. asthma哮喘
5、of all lung can cers）, ade no carci noma （ 50%）, squamous cell carcinoma （30%）, and large cell carci no ma.肺癌主要的类型包括小细胞肺癌 （15%）, 腺癌（50%）,鳞癌（30%）及大细胞肺 癌。25. The last three types are grouped together and referred to as NSCLC.后三类（腺癌、鳞癌、大细胞癌）统称为 非小细胞肺癌26. The most com mon in itial sig ns and symptoms最常见
6、的早期体征和症状27. Cough咳嗽28. Dysp nea呼吸困难29. chest pain胸痛30. Discomfort不适31. Hemoptysis咯血32. exhibit systemic symptoms呈现出全身症状33. A no rexia厌食34. Dissem in ated disease转移性疾病35. n eurologic deficits from CNS metastases 由于神经系统转移造成的神经功能障碍36. b one pain骨痛37. pathologic fractures sec on dary to bone由于骨转移造成的病理性骨
7、折38.liverdysf un cti onfrom hepaticin volveme nt肝转移造成的肝功能障碍39. Para neoplastic syn dromes副癌综合征40. Cachexia恶液质41. Hypercalcemia高钙血症42. s yn drome of in appropriate an tidiuretic horm one secreti on抗利尿激素不当分泌综合征43. Cushing s syndrome.库欣综合征44. un derly ing malig nancy造成一切症状的肿瘤45. Chest radiography胸片（X片）
8、46. e ndobr on chial ultraso und支气管内超声47. computed tomography （CT） sca n计算机断层扫描（CT）48. positron emission tomography （PET） sca n正电子发射断层扫描（PET）49.ln tegrated CT-PET tech no logy appears to improve diagnostic accuracy in staging NSCLC over CT or PET alo ne相比于单纯使用 CT或PET,将CT和PET 技术结合(PET-CT)可提高非小细胞肺癌 的分
9、期诊断的准确性50. Pathologic confirmation of lung cancer isestablished by exam in ati on of sputum cytology an d/or tumor biopsy by bron choscopy,mediasti no scopy,percutaneous needle biopsy, or open-lung biopsy肺癌可以通过以下途径进行病理诊断：痰 标本的细胞学检查和/或通过支气管镜、纵 膈镜、经皮细针穿刺或开胸肺活检采集的 组织标本进行肿瘤活检51. a thorough history完整的病史5
10、2. physical exam in ati on体格检查53. detect sig ns and symptoms of the primary tumor监测原发肿瘤的症状和体征54. regi onal spread of the tumor肿瘤的局部转移55. ability to withstand aggressive surgery or chemotherapy耐受积极手术或化疗的能力56. The World Health Orga ni zati on世界卫生组织57. a TNM stagi ng classificati onTNM分期系统58. primary t
11、umor size and exte nt (T) 原发灶大小及范围59. the regional lymph node involvement(N),区域淋巴结浸润60. the presenee or absenee of distant metastases (M)是否存在远处转移61. A simpler system is commonly used to compare treatme nts通常，应用另一个相对简单的分期系统来 确定治疗方案62.Stage I in cludes tumors confined to the lung without lymphatic spr
12、eadI期疾病包括病灶局限于肺部并且没有淋巴结转移63. stage II includes large tumors with ipsilateral peribr on chial or hilar lymph node in volveme ntII期疾病包括巨大肿瘤伴随同侧支气管周 围或纵膈淋巴结侵犯。64. stage III includes other lymph node and regi onal in volveme ntIII期疾病包括其他淋巴结及局部侵犯。65. stage IV in cludes any tumor with dista nt metastasesI
13、V期疾病包括任何原发情况并伴随远处 转移。66. A two-stage classification is widely used for SCLC小细胞肺癌一般分为两个阶段。67. Limited disease is confined to one hemithorax and can be encompassed by a sin gle radiati on port.病情局限于一侧胸腔并且在一个照射野内。68. Allother disease is classified asexte nsive其他的情况被归为广泛期69. The stage of NSCLC and the p
14、atient s comorbidities and performa nee status determine which treatment modalities will be used.非小细胞肺癌的分期、病人合并症情况以 及身体状况共同决定了治疗的方式70. The intent of treatment curative or palliative in flue nees the aggressive ness of therapy治疗的目的不同，根治性或姑息性会影响 治疗的强度71. Local disease （stages IA, IB, and IIA） is assoc
15、iated with a favorable prog no sis. 病灶局限（IA，IB，IIA期）预后较好。72.Surgery is the main stay of treatme nt and may be used with radiati on an d/or adjuva nt （postoperative） chemotherapy 手术是主要的治疗方法，并且可与放疗和 /或辅助化疗联用。73. Patients with locally advaneed disease （stages IIB and IIIA） may un dergo surgery. 局部进展期患者（IIB、IIIA期）也可采用 手术治疗74. Adjuvant chemotherapy is the standard of care（对于局部进展期患者），辅助化疗是标 准治疗。75.Some cen ters use n eoadjuva nt （preoperative） chemoradiati on, but this
