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1、2022年考博英语-中国社会科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Many rape crisis and battered womens programs also have educational components focusing on youth. However, most of these approaches depend upon individual class presentations without ensuring other aspects of necessary （ ） support, including thorough staff trai
2、ning, supportive services for male and female victims, and rehabilitative and disciplinary programs for abusers.问题1选项A.stylizedB.dogmatizedC.formalizedD.institutionalized【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项stylized “非写实的；程式化的”；B选项dogmatized“武断的”；C选项formalized“形式化的；正式的”；D选项institutionalized“约定俗成的；使成惯例的”句意：许多强奸危机和受虐妇
3、女项目也有针对青年的教育内容。然而，这些方法大多依赖于个别的课堂报告，而没有确保其他方面的必要的的支持，包括彻底的工作人员培训、对男女受害者的支持服务、对施虐者的康复和纪律方案。由句意判断可知缺少制度化的支持，D选项符合题意。2. 单选题I feel that we must respect this point of view and accept the conviction of the many people who hold it, because that is how they feel about life and morality.问题1选项A.beliefB.culpabi
4、lityC.offenseD.therapy【答案】A【解析】句意：我认为我们必须尊重这一观点，并接受许多持这种观点的人的，因为这是他们对生活和道德的看法。后句原因中说明划线词代表一种看法。A选项belief“信念；信仰”；B选项culpability“有罪；有过失”；C选项offense“犯罪；过错”；D选项therapy“治疗；疗法”。与“看法”相符合的只有A选项。3. 翻译题Translate the underlined sentences into good Chinese.In every philosophical problem, our investigation start
5、s from what may be called “data”, （1）by which I mean matters of common knowledge, vague, complex, inexact, as common knowledge always is, but yet somehow commanding our assent as on the whole and in some interpretation pretty certainly true. In the ease of our present problem, the common knowledge i
6、nvolved is of various kinds. There is first our acquaintance with particular objects of daily life furniture, houses, towns, other people, and so on. Then there is the extension of such particular knowledge to particular things outside our personal experience through history and geography, newspaper
7、s, etc. And lastly, there is the systematization of all this knowledge of particulars by means of physical science, which derives immense persuasive force from its astonishing power of foretelling the future. We are quite willing to admit that there may be errors of detail in this knowledge,（2）but w
8、e believe them to be discoverable and corrigible by the methods which have given rise to our beliefs, and we do not, as practical men, entertain for a moment the hypothesis that the whole edifice may be built on insecure foundations. In the main, therefore, and without absolute dogmatism as to this
9、or that special portion, we may accept this mass of common knowledge as affording data for our philosophical analysis.The first thing that appears when we begin to analyse our common knowledge is that some of it is derivative, while some is primitive;（3）that is to say, there is some that we only bel
10、ieve because of something else from which it has been inferred in some sense, though not necessarily in a strict logical sense, while other parts are believed on their own account, without the support of any outside evidence. It is obvious that the senses give knowledge of the latter kind: the immed
11、iate facts perceived by sight or touch or hearing do not need to be proved by argument, but are completely self-evident.（4）Psychologists, however, have made us aware that what is actually given in sense is much less than most people would naturally suppose, and that much of what at first sight seems
12、 to be given is really inferred. This applies especially in regard to our space-perceptions. For instance, we instinctively infer the “real” size and shape of a visible object from its apparent size and shape, according to its distance and our point of view. When we hear a person speaking, our actua
13、l sensations usually miss a great deal of what he says and we supply its place by unconscious inference; in a foreign language, where this process is more difficult, we find ourselves apparently grown dear; requiring, for example, to be much nearer the stage at a theater than would be necessary in o
14、ur own country. Thus the first step in the analysis of data, namely, the discovery of what is really given in sense, is full of difficulty. We will, however, not linger on this point; so long as existence is realized, the exact outcome does not make any very great difference in our main problem.The
15、next step in our analysis must be the consideration of how the derivative parts of our common knowledge arise. Here we become involved in a somewhat puzzling entanglement of logic and psychology. （5）Psychologically, a belief may be called derivative whenever it is caused by one or more other beliefs
16、, or by some fact of sense which is not simply what the belief asserts. Derivative beliefs in this sense constantly arise without any process of logical inference, merely by association of ideas or some equally extra-logical process. From the expression of a mans face we judge as to what he is feeling: we say we see that he is angry, when in fact we only see a frown. We do not judge
