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1、初中英语知识归纳总结（打印版）第一课时名词一、概述1、名词的属性：表示人或事物的名称抽象概念的词叫名词。2、名词分普通名词和专有名词。普通名词是表示某一类人或事物，或某种物体或抽象概念的名称。 如：teacher, desks, plates, milk, box等，专有名词表示某一特定的人、事物、地方团体、党派、国家机关、 语言、节日等专用的名称。（运用）如：China, Chinese, Saturday, June, Green, Beijing, Olympic 等。（专有名 词的第一个字母要大写）二、可数名词与不可数名词1、可数名词是指表示人或事物，可以用数来计量的名词，有单复数之分
2、。如:glass-glasses; book- books2、不可数名词是指所表示的事物不能用数来计量。如:paper, rice, water , milk, tea 等 ,3、有些名词在特定情况下由不可数变为可数名词。Light travels faster than sound; （light：光线，不可数）The lights are on.（light：灯，可数）4、不可数名词的量的表示不可数名词一般无法用数来计算，前面不能用a或an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助于容器来 表不。如:a glass of milk four glasses of milka piece of pap
3、er two pieces of papera bag of rice three bags of rice三、可数名词的复数形式（识记、运用）1、可数名词在应用时有单复数之分，单数变复数有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 规则变化情况变化形式例词一般情况加-Sgirls; books;以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-esclasses; boxes; watches;brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的名词变y为i,加escity-cities; baby-babies以f或fe结尾的名词变f,fe为v,加esknife-knives; leafleaves以0结尾的名词potatoes; tom
4、atoes； photos; kilos; bamboos; radios2、少数名词有不规则的变化形式policeman-policemen;manmen;woman一women;tooth-teeth;footfeet; sheepsheep; deerdeer;Japanese- Japanese;Chinese - Chinese; fish - fish四、名词所有格（运用）名词的所有格是表示所有关系的形式，它也有构成上的变化。1、单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加s;2、复数名词的词尾已有s,只需加即可；3、复数名词的词尾若没有s ,则应加s;4、如果表示某人或物为两人所共有，则在第二
5、个人后面加，s;如：Da Mao and Xiao Maos room如果不是两人共有，则在每个人后面都加s;如：Li Leis and Toms mother5、名词所有格结构通常用于表示有生命的名词，或表示时间、距离、地点等，而表示无生命名词的 所有关系则用“of表示。如：lhe windows of house lhe picture of the family(4) 形容词+ fromdifferent from safe fromHe was absent from class this morningMy sister is different from me in many wa
6、ys.(5) 形容词+ininterested insuccessful inHe is interested in making model ships.2、名词与介词的固定搭配(1) 名词 + forHe made up an excuse for being late.Did you find the cause for your failure?(2) 名词+ inHe has some difficulty in translating the bookShe has made great progress in English.(3) 名词+ofShe found another
7、way of solving the problemHe forms a bad habit of getting up late(4) 名词+ onThere have been several attacks on foreigners recently.Have pity on inc!(5) 名词 + with1 wanted to have a talk with youHe is always getting into trouble with the police第十课时 连词一、知识概述连词是一种虚词，不能在句子中单独作句子成分，也没有句子重音，在句子中只起连接词与词、短 语与
8、短语、句子与句子以及从句的作用。连词分为并列连词和从属连词两种。并列连词是连接彼此并列关 系的词。从属连词是用来引导从句的词。二、并列连词并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子。并列连词按其作用可分为表示转折、因果、选 择和联合关系等四大类。表示联合关系的连词，常见的有：and, not onlybut also, as well as, both-,-and, neither,-nor,*.Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and American.They were very surprised and
9、I knew that I had done the right thing.Work hard and youll pass the exam=If you work hard, youll pass the exam.While I was in the university, I learned both English and Japanese.Both European and Asian speak RussiaYou cant speak both American English and British English at the same time.Neither Tom
10、nor you are a driver.Neither I nor he has seen the play.Neither of us is a teacherYou dont like it, Neither do I .She is beautiful as well as clever.He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor.三、从属连词从属连词是用来连接各种从句的词1、连接主语从句、表语从句与宾语从句的连词只有三个，即that, if, whether,如：Ask her if she will come with me.Th
11、e reason is that she never wasted her time.I dont know whether he had passed the exam.2、引导状语从句的从属连词(I) 连接时间状语从句的从属连词有:since, until, after, before, when, while, as soon as, whenever.Ill tell you as soon as I know. 连接地点状语从句的从属连词有：where, whereverSit wherever you like.I found my books where I had left t
12、hem.(3)连接让步状语从句的从属连词有：although, though, even if, however.Although she was tired, she kept on working. 连接原因状语从句的从属连词有：as, because, since, now that,He was absent because he was ill.(5) 连接目的状语从句的从属连词有：that, so that, in order that.He raised his voice so that wc could hear him.(6) 连接条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unle
13、ss, once, in case.Youll miss the train unless you hurry up.(7) 连接结果状语从句的从属连词有:so.that, such.that.He came so late that he missed the class.(8) 连接比较状语从句的从属连词有：as.as., not so.as., lcss(morc).than, the .the.This is more than I can accept.(9) 连接方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as ifIt looks as if it was going to rain.第课
14、时 动词（一）一、知识概述在英语中，每个句子必须有一个动词来担当谓语。说明主语“是什么或“做什么，动词是表示动 作或状态的词。动词和名词、代词一样，有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数一般要与主语的人称和 数保持一致。学好了英语动词相当于学好了一半的英语语法，可见英语动词的重要性。在初中英语中，动词的分 类、动词的时态和语态以及动词的各种形式之间的联系，非谓语动词的构成、用法等等贯穿整个初中课本, 包括英语句型都离不开动词时态或语态，因此在学习时特别要注意英语中时态的运用和语态之间的区别。二、动词的分类及作用按照动词的词义和在句中的作用，英语动词可分为行为动词（又叫实义动词）、连系动词、助动词
15、和 情态动词。1、行为动词表示动作或状态，能独立作谓语。如：She took pictures of treesHe is typing letters.行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。（1）及物动词及物动词后面必须跟宾语，意思才完整。I enjoyed the film very muchI gave the child another piece of cake.常见的能带两个宾语的动词有：bring, build, buy, cook, cut, draw, find, get, hand, leave, lend, make, offer, pass, pay, read, return, sell, show, teach, tell, write, etc.（2）不及物动词本身词义完整，后面不要求跟宾语。如：Horses run fast.They work in a factory.She curled up in be
