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1、高一英语语法知识（9）动词不定式(The Infinitive)一动词不定式的形式1构成: 由to动词原形构成。2.动词不定式的时态、语态其形式如下：语态式一般式完成式进行式完成进行式主 动(not)to build(not)to have built(not)to be building(not)to have been building 被 动(not)to be build(not)to have been build(1)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者，不定式一般要用被动语态形式。Its a great honour to be invited to Ma
2、rys birthday party.（不定式作主语） It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主语） I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作宾语） Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定语） He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作状语） 在There be结构中，修饰主语的不定式可用被动，也可用主动。There are still many things to
3、 take care of (to be taken care of). (2)时态1) 现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。He seems to know this.I hope to see you again. = I hope that Ill see you again.2) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。Im sorry to have given you so much trouble.He seems to have caught a cold.3) 进行时： 表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同
4、时发生。He seems to be eating something.4) 完成进行时： She is known to have been working on the problem for many years. 3.疑问词不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语，在句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 When to leave for London has not been decided yet. Mr. Smith didnt know whether to leave or stay there.
5、/ I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. The question was where to get the medicine needed. 以上例句中疑问词不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。如：When we shall leave how I could learn 经常在这种结构中使用的动词有：consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, learn, observe, understand, wonder等。 二动词不定式的语法功能1、
6、作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种： 1)把不定式置于句首。如： To get there by bike will take us half an hour. 2)用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如： Itbe名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb + some time + to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词for sbto do It is difficult
7、 for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. It seems(appears)形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look，appear等也可用于此句型。2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is
8、to的句型。 (对)To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。 (错)It is to believe to see.2.作宾语1) 动词+ 不定式下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望;拒绝设法愿假装;主动答应选计划;同意请求帮一帮。decide / determine, learn, want, expect / hope / wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive ,fail, h
9、appen, arrange等也要用不定式作宾语。 She pretended not to see me when I passed by. We agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.2）动词+不定式 ；动词+宾语+不定式常用于此结构的动词有：ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need, prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish等。I like to keep everything tidy. I like
10、you to keep everything tidy. I want to speak to Tom. I want you to speak to Tom. 3）动词+疑问词+ to do常用于此结构的动词有：decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell等。Please show us how to do that. There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale th
11、at I cant make up my mind which to buy.注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。The question is how to put it into practice.4)当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时，先用形式宾语it代替不定式，把不定式置于补语之后，即：主语动词it补语to do句式。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well. He feels it his duty to help the poor. 3.作宾语补足语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(t
12、o do)常可以用不定式作宾补的动词有：advise, allow, believe, command, consider, drive, enable, find, encourage, forbid, force, hire, inform, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, report, require, tell, think, train, trust, warn 等。Father will not allow us to play on the street. We believe him to be guilty.2)动词+宾语+
13、 to be+名词/形容词作宾补结构常用于此结构的动词有：believe, consider, think, declare(声称), discover, feel, find, guess, imagine, know, prove, show, propose, understand等。We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.3)主语+ be + 过去分词+ 不定式常用于此结构的动词有： be said, be supposed, be reported, be believed, be thought, be
14、 known等。The book is believed to be uninteresting.4)动词+there +to be结构作宾补结构常用于此结构的动词有：believe, expect, prefer, want, wish, understand等。We didnt expect there to be so many people there. 5).有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think, believe, take, consider。We regard Tom as our best teacher. Mary took him as her fat
15、her .4.作表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作；动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为。 To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter. What I would suggest is to put off the meeting. 当主语和表语都是不定式时，其含义一是条件，二是结果（例）。当主语是：aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组（例）时，或以what引导的名词性分句（例），不定式说明主语的内容。 Our work is serving the people. What he likes is taking a walk after supper. 句动名词作表语，与主语部分可以转换，如Serving the people is our
