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1、中考语法复习介词1. 介词的功能介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is Johns brother. (定语)The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)2. 介词和种类(1) 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, a
2、bout, across, before, beside, for , to, without等。(2) 复合介词，如by means of, along with, because of, in front of, instead of等。3. 介词的固定搭配介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。（1）介词与动词的搭配listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend
3、on, （2）介词与名词的搭配on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on ones way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end （3）介词与形容词的搭配be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for 4. 介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，通常有right, just, badly, all, well, directl
4、y, completely等少数几个副词。He came right after dinner.He lives directly opposite the school.5. 常用介词的用法辨析一. at/ in /on .1.表示时间：1).表示某一具体时间点，某一时刻/ 年龄at six oclock at noon at that time at the moment at the age of at night2)in表示时间段,一天的三个时间段以及月份,年,季节,世纪,人生的某个时期(某人几十岁时)in the morning/afternoon /eveningin spring
5、 /in 2007/in Marchin the twenty-first centuryin his fifties3)on表示星期几/某一具体的日子/具体某天的上午/下午/晚上,表示一天中的三个时间段名词前有修饰语或后有修饰语时.On Monday on New Years Day on Sunday morning on a rainy nighton the evening of April 1st ,20072表地点:1)at 一般指较小的地点或较具体的位置 at the station at the cinema2)in 表示在较大的地点或一个有限空间里.in China in t
6、he classroom3)on 指在某物体的表面上.on the desk注意:写街道时,若有门牌号用at ,否则用on / in 都可.He lives at 270 DongChangan Street.二.介词in /on / to 表方位:1.in表示A地在B地范围之内.(包含关系)Tanwan is _ the southeast of China .2.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切关系)Hubei is _ the north of Hunan .3.to表示A,B两地有一定的间距.(外离关系)Japan is _ the east of China .三. between /
7、among 在之间1.between :指两者之间. 在.之间.2.among :用于三者或三者以上人或物之间. 在之中.You sit _ him and me .The song is popular _ the students.四.after / in 在之后1. after1)after + 时间段. 表示以过去某一时刻为起点的一段时间之后, 用于过去时.2)after 作介词. after doing sth2.in +一段时间. 表示说话时或以现在为起点的将来一段时间之后.用于将来时.He came back _ two days .He will go home_finishi
8、ng his homework .He will come back _ two days . |五.with / in / by 表示 “用”1.with 表示 “用” 一般指有形的工具 / 手段 / 人体器官.He cut the apple into halves _ a knife .注: with 表伴随, “带有,含有”He came in _ a big smile on his face .2.in表示用某种语言,方式,途径. 或书写/绘画所用的材料. 也可表交通方式.Can you say it _English ?He wrote a letter _ blue ink .
9、3.by表示乘坐交通工具, 表示方式,方法I study for a test _ working with a group .He makes a living _ selling newspapers .注意: 同义词组1).by phone = on the phone2).by car = in a car3).in pen = with a pen = with pens六.across / through / over / by 经过1.across 指横穿,穿过. 表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.2.through 指穿过,透过,表示从某一物体空间内通过.3.over 表示从某人或
10、某物的上空经过或越过,不与表面接触.4.by 表示从某人/某物的旁边经过.Can you swim _ the river ?the elephant is so big that it cant go _ the gate .I dont think anyone can jump _ the fence.I walked _ the bank of China yesterday . |七.in front of / in the front of1.in the front of 表示在.内部的前面2.in front of 表示在外面的前面There is a desk in _ fr
11、ont of our classroom .There is a big tree in _ front of our classroom.八.其它介词的用法：1.at的其它用法.1).表示 “从事或正在做某事”,其后加的名词往往不加冠词.She is at work now = She is working now .2)at表示 “价格或速度”The train ran at 120 kilometres an hour .2.in的其它用法:1)in表示 “在方面”词组:do well in = be good at be weak in2)in 表示 “穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.词组
12、: be in +衣服 = be wearing +衣服3)in作副词, “在家” = at home3.like 的用法:1).像/和一样. 常与系动词连用.词组: look like sound like2).与what 连用, “是什么样子, 怎样”.What is he like ? He is kind .4.off的用法:1).从下来, 脱离某物体.词组: fall off2).“休假”通常放在时间名词之后.词组: have +时间+ offHe hasnt had a night off for two hours .5.except / besides1).except 除了.
13、之外, 都. . 不包括在范围之内.注: nothing but 除了之外,什么也没有.2).besdies除了之外,还有 . 包括在范围之内.We all went swimming _ Lucy .There is _ a letter in the box .We study Japanese and French_ English .6.with / without1).with具有,含有 -反义词: without 没有 词组: with the help of = with ones help =because of = thanks towithout ones help2).w
14、ithout 的用法:A).without + sb./ sth. 没有某人或某物B).without + doing sth .He left here without_(say ) “Goodbye”to usC). without sth 常与if 引导的否定的条件句.If there is no water , we cant live .= We cant live _ _ . |7.on the tree /in the treeon the tree 表示 “树上本身长的东西” 在树上. 而in the tree 表示 “外界的物体进入树中” 人或物在树上.There are s
15、ome apples _ the tree .There is a boy _ the tree.8.since / for注: since / for 用于现在完成时.1).since :a).since +时间点b). 现在完成时+ since +一般过去时c).since +一段时间+ ago.2)for: for +一段时间= since +一段时间+ ago9.be made +介词的区别:be made of 由制成 (看得见原材料)be made from由制成 (看不见原材料)be made in +地点 由哪儿生产be made by sb. 由某人制造10.表示 “数量的介词”about , round around
