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1、非选择题专练卷二（共 2页，满分 35 分）I. 任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单 词。注意：每个空格只填 1 个单词。（2015 江苏名校联考）The Bystander EffectThe term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely people are to help a person in distress. Whe
2、nan emergency situation occurs, observers are more likely to take action if there are few or no other witnesses. Being part of a large crowd makes it so no single person has to take responsibility for an action （or inaction） The most frequently cited example of the bystander effect in introductory p
3、sychology textbooks is the brutal murder of a young woman named Catherine Kitty Genovese. On Friday, March 13, 1964, 28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work. As she approached her apartment entrance, she was attacked and stabbed by a man later identified as Winston Moseley.Despite Genovese
4、 s repeated calls for help, none of the dozen orso people inthe nearby apartment building who heard her cries called police to report the incident. The attack first began at 3：20 AM, but it was not until 3： 50 AM thatsomeone first contacted police.While Genovese s case has been subject to numerous m
5、isrepresentations and inaccuracies, there have been numerous other cases reported in recent years. The bystander effect can clearly have a powerful impact on the general conduct of people in a society, but why exactly does it happen? Why don t we help when we are part of a crowd?There are several fa
6、ctors that contribute to the bystander effect. First, the presence of other people creates a diffusion of responsibility. Because there are other observers, individuals do not feel as much pressure to take action, since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among all of those pre
7、sent.The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways. When other observers fail to react, individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed or not appropriate. Other researchers have found thatoniookers are less likely to intervene if the situation
8、 is ambiguous. In the case of Kitty Geno vese, many of the 38 wit nesses reported that they believed that they were witnessing a“lover s quarrel ”， and did not realize that the young womanwas actually being murdered.Characteristics of the situation can play a role. During a crisis, things areoften c
9、haotic and the situation is not always crystal clear. Oniookers might wonder exactly what is happening. During such chaotic moments, people often look to others in the group to determ ine what is appropriate. When people look at the crowd and see that no one else is reacting, it sends a signal that
10、perhaps no action is needed.So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap of inaction? Somepsychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is perhaps the greatest way to break the cycle. When faced with a situati on that requires action, un dersta nding how the bystander effect m
11、ight be holding you back and consciously taking steps to overcome it can help. However, this does not mea n you should place yourself in dan ger.But what if you are the pers on in n eed of assista nee? How can you in spire people to lend a hand? One ofte n-recomme nded tacticis to sin gle out one pe
12、rs on from thecrowd. Make eye con tactand ask that in dividual specifically for help. Bypers on aliz ing and in dividualiz ing your request, it becomes much harder for people to turn you dow n.The Bysta nder EffectPassage outl ineSupport ing detailsCon cept of the bysta nder effect The bysta nder ef
13、fect occurs whe n the prese nee of otherskeeps an in dividual from beco ming (1)in an emerge ncysituati on. It is obvious that the bysta nder effect can greatlyin flue nee (2)behavior.Typical exampleIn 1964, a young woma n n amed Geno vese met with viole nee andher life was (3)outside her apartment,
14、whilebysta nders who observed the crime did not step in to assistor call the police.(4)for thebysta nder effect I ndividuals are less likely to take action or feel a senseof (5)in front of a large group of people. Before decidi ng to offer help, observers may want to make(6)thatit is appropriate to
15、react.Besides, thereis a natural (7)for people to follow the crowd beforethe situation is clear.(8)of thebysta nder effect You should realize or know the (9)of the bystandereffect and take measures to get rid of it. When in n eed of help, you should (10)one fromthecrowd, which will in crease your ch
16、a nee of gett ing your request across and being helped.1. 2. 3. 4.5. 6. 7. 8.9. 10.n .书面表达(满分25分)(2015 扬州中学质检)请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。A set of textbooks designed to help high school students learn about traditional Chin ese culture is to be published soon,Beiji ngTimes reported on Mon day.The books are the firstn ati on
