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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Heavy fog had created an optical（ ）that made the opposite shore seem closer than it was.问题1选项A.featureB.propertyC.illusionD.phenomenon【答案】C【解析】feature特征；property性能，财产；illusion幻觉，错觉；phenomenon现象。 根据句意可知，这里指大雾让人们产生了视觉上的幻觉。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题The fireman（ ）the baby
2、and carried him out of the burning house.问题1选项A.caught upB.seized upC.snatched upD.held up【答案】C【解析】catch up赶上；seize up中止，失灵；snatch up夺取，抓起；hold up举起，阻挡。句意：消防队员一把抓起孩子，把他从着火的房子里抱了出来。选项C符合语境。3. 翻译题随着地球上人口的增加，人类依靠土地资源生存变得越来越困难。土地的总量是有限的。虽然使用拖拉机等机械和施用化肥可以提高农业产量，但是土地最终所能产出的粮食只有那么多，不会再增加。随着人口越来越多，人类的消耗也越来越
3、多。很明显，地球上某些地区人口已经饱和；在这其中的许多地区，未来的人口增长肯定会带来更多的贫穷和苦难。然而，富裕国家的人们所使用的自然资源的比例，如粮食和能源，则远大于贫穷国家的人们，他们毫无节制地使用在另一方面会造成资源的巨大浪费。【答案】As the number of people on Earth increases, it becomes increasingly difficult for the population to survive on the resources of the land. The amount of land is limited. Although a
4、gricultural production can be increased by use of machinery such as tractors and the addition of fertilizer, the land ultimately can produce only so much food and no more. As the human population grows, people consume more. Clearly, some locations on Earth already have too many people, in many of th
5、ese areas, future increases will surely bring about more poverty and suffering. Yet people in rich nations use proportionally far more of the available resources than people in poorer nations. As they consume these resources without restraint, they also waste large amounts of them.4. 单选题The great fl
6、ames（ ）through the darkness.问题1选项A.glaredB.shoneC.shotD.flared【答案】D【解析】glare怒视，瞪眼；shine闪耀，多指光照，光线等；shoot射击；flare闪耀，多指火焰等。句意：巨大的火焰在夜空中闪耀。所以选项D正确。5. 单选题He wants to follow in his fathers footsteps to be a teacher because he regards teaching as an honorable （ ）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty【答案】
7、B【解析】句意：他想追随他父亲的脚步成为一名教师, 因为他认为教学是一项光荣的任务。选项A和C表示职务, 教学不是职务, 所以不正确；选项B更符合语境。6. 单选题We will introduce legislation to simplify trademark registrations and extend the rights they _.问题1选项A.conferB.excludeC.allotD.commend【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”；B选项exclude“不放在考虑之列；防止进入，阻止参加，把排斥在外”；C选项all
8、ot“分配，配给（时间、钱财等）；分派（任务等）”；D选项commend“赞扬；举荐”。句意：我们将出台立法，简化商标注册程序，扩大他们_的权利。横线处和they形成主谓关系来修饰rights“权利”，A选项confer“授予（奖项、学位、荣誉或权利）”对应rights“权利”，符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题He told us a lot of jokes and had us _ all through the meal.问题1选项A.laughingB.laughC.laughedD.to laugh【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他给我们讲了好多笑话，让我们在吃饭的时候
9、笑个不停。A选项have sb./sth. doing“让某人做某事，让某情况发生”，含有动作正在进行之意，had us laughing“让我们笑”；B选项have sb. do“请/派别人完成某事；经历某种不幸”；C选项have sth. done“请/派别人完成某事；完成某事（可能参与）；遭受某种不幸”；D选项have sth. to do“有某事要完成”。这里指的是笑话让我们一直笑，有强调状态的含义，A选项laughing符合题意。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题With his face （ ）by a mask, the fireman dashed into the house on
10、 fire.问题1选项A.hiddenB.concealedC.screenedD.buried【答案】C【解析】四个词都有“掩饰, 掩藏”之意, 但侧重点不同。hide 般用于hide sb/sth in a place；conceal隐瞒, 一般表示“掩饰, 不让别人发现”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保护的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根据句意可知, 所以C符合语境。9. 单选题The fossil record suggests that new species do not arise _, but instead develop gradually from other exist
11、ing species.问题1选项A.instantaneouslyB.tranquillyC.permanentlyD.scientifically【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instantaneously“即刻；突如其来地”；B选项tranquilly“平静地”；C选项permanently“永久地”；D选项scientifically“系统地”。句意：化石记录表明，新物种并非_出现，而是由其他现存物种逐渐发展而来。新物种是一步步发展起来的，所对应的是非凭空出现，A选项instantaneously“突如其来地”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题If you say tha
12、t something is（ ）, you are emphasizing that it cannot be justified or, tolerated because it is extremely bad.问题1选项A.inevitableB.ineffectiveC.inexcusableD.inexplicable【答案】C【解析】inevitable必然的, 不可避免的；ineffective无效的, 不起作用的；inexcusable不可原谅的；inexplicable费解的。句意：如果你说某件事是不可原谅的, 你是在强调它是不合理的或不能容忍的, 因为它是极其糟糕的。选项
13、C更符合语境。11. 单选题Students who dont work hard will face（ ）prospects in the future.问题1选项A.meagerB.rareC.bleakD.slight【答案】C【解析】meager贫乏的，瘦的；rare稀少的；bleak惨淡的，无希望的；slight轻微的，少量的。能与prospects搭配且符合句意的只有选项C。指前途惨淡的，无希望的。12. 单选题He had read a patent liver-circular, in which were detailed the various（ ）by which a m
14、an could tell his liver was out of order.问题1选项A.signalsB.systemC.symptomsD.symbols【答案】C【解析】句意：他读过一个专门的肝脏循环图, 里面详细地描述了各种症状, 人们通过这些症状可以知道他的肝脏是否出了问题。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题The prisoner（ ）a means of escape from prison.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conspiredC.intriguedD.plotted【答案】D【解析】contrive设计，谋划；conspire共谋，协力；intrigue用诡计取得；plot密谋。选项A强调设法得到；选项B强调两个人合作；选项C强调用诡计取得；选项D强调秘密的筹划。所以选项D更符合语境。14. 单选题The women meet twice a month to（ ）their ideas together and set business goals for each other.问题1选项A.enquireB.indulgeC.teaseD.pool【答案】D【解析】enquire询问, 调查；indulg
