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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy, to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. This is especially true
2、in agriculture, where sustainable development is often taken as the sole measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives. To start with, it is important to remember that the nature of agriculture has changed markedly throughout history, and will continue to
3、do so. Medieval agriculture in northern Europe fed, clothed and sheltered a predominantly rural society with a much lower population density than it is today. It had minimal effect on biodiversity, and any pollution it caused was localized. In terms of energy use and the nutrients captured in the pr
4、oduct, it was inefficient. Contrast this with fanning since the start of the industrial revolution. Competition from overseas led farmers to specialize and increase yields. Throughout this period food became cheaper, safe and more reliable. However, these changes have also led to habitat loss and to
5、 diminishing biodiversity. Whats more, demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that meeting it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050. Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water available for agriculture in many regions
6、. All this means that agriculture in the 213r century will have to be very different from how it was in the 20th.【答案】可持续发展几乎适用于从能源到清洁水和经济增长的所有领域，因此很难对其背后的基本假设或概念的使用方式提出质疑。在农业方面尤其如此，在农业方面，可持续发展往往被视为进步的唯一衡量标准，而没有适当地从历史和文化角度加以评价。首先，重要的是要记住，农业的性质在历史上已经发生了显著的变化，并将继续发生变化。北欧的中世纪农业为主要的农村社会提供了食物、衣服和庇护，人口密度比今
7、天低得多。它对生物多样性的影响微乎其微，而且它造成的任何污染都是局部的。就能量使用和产品中获取的营养而言，它是低效的。这与工业革命开始以来的扇风形成了鲜明对比。来自海外的竞争促使农民专业化并提高产量。在此期间，食物变得更便宜、更安全、更可靠。然而，这些变化也导致了栖息地的丧失和生物多样性的减少。此外，发展中国家对动物产品的需求增长如此之快，以至于到2050年每年需要额外增加3亿吨谷物才能满足需求。然而，城市和工业的发展正在减少许多地区可供农业使用的水资源。所有这一切意味着，21世纪的农业将与20世纪大不相同。2. 单选题Planes keep in touch with the control
8、 tower（ ）.问题1选项A.on the radioB.by radioC.over the radioD.by the radio【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。on the radio“在广播中”；by radio“用无线电”。句意：飞机用无线电与控制塔保持联系。只有B项符合句意。3. 单选题John asked Mary（ ） for her electronic dictionary.问题1选项A.did she pay how muchB.she paid how muchC.how much did she payD.how much she paid【答案】D【解析】考查宾
9、语从句的用法。空格处所在句子为宾语从句，从句的语序应为：疑问词+主语+谓语。故D项正确。句意：John问Mary买的电子词典多少钱。4. 单选题Lateral thinking （迂回思维），first described by Edward de Bone in 1967, is just a few years older than Edwards son. You might imagine that Caspar was raised to be an adventurous thinker, but the de Bone was so famous, Caspars parents
10、 worried that any time he would say something bright at school, his teacher might snap, “Where do you get that idea from?”“We had to be careful and not overdo it.”Edward admits. Now Caspar is at Oxford which once looked unlikely because he is also slightly dyslexic （诵读困难）. In fact, when he was apply
11、ing to Oxford, none of his school teachers though he had a chance.“So then we did several thinking sessions,”his father says, “using my techniques and，when he went up for the exam, he did exactly well.” Soon after, Edward de Bone decided to write his latest book, “Teach Your Child How to Think,”in w
12、hich he transforms the thinking skills he developed for brain-storming businessmen into informal exercises for parents and children to share.Thinking is traditionally regarded as something executed in a logical sequence, and knows that children arent very logical. So isnt it an uphill battle, trying
13、 to teach them to think?“You know,”Edward de Bone says, “if you examine peoples thinking, it is quite unusual to find it of logic. But the faults of perception are huge! Often we think ineffectively because we take too limit view.”31. “Teach Your Child How to Think” offers lessons in perception impr
14、ovement, of clearly see the implications of something you are saying and of exploring the alternative.1. What is “TRUE about Caspar?2. Caspar succeeded in applying to Oxford because（ ）.3. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Edward（ ）.4. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following statement
15、s express Edward de Bones view?5. Lateral thinking refers to the following EXCEPT（ ）.问题1选项A.He first described lateral thinking.B.He is often scolded by his teacher.C.He is Edwards son.D.He is an adventurous thinker.问题2选项A.he used in the exam the techniques provided by his fatherB.he read the book “teach Your Child How to Think” before the examC.he was careful and often overworkedD.all of his school teachers thought he had a chance问题3选项A.was prompted to study lateral thinking because his son was slightly dyslexicB.once taught businessmen how to think before he wrote for parents and childr
