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1、直接引语和间接引语用法及练习概念 引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语； 一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：John said, Im going to London with my father.John said that he was going to London with his father.由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：1 直接引语是陈述句间接引语为 that 引导的宾语从句(口语中 that 可以省略)，主句的引述动词主要 有 say ,tell, repeat, explain, think 等。He said , Y
2、ou are younger than I.-He said (that ) I was younger than him.2. 直接引语是疑问句间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled 等。(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为讦(whether)引导的宾语从句。She said, Do you often come here to read newspapers?She asked me if (或 whether often went there to rea
3、d newspapers.She asked me , You have seen the film, havent you?She asked me whether(或 f )I had seen the film.(2) 选择疑问句变为whether.or宾语从句。I asked him, Will you stay at home or go to a film tonight?I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.(3) 特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。He asked ,
4、Where do you live?He asked me where I lived.3. 直接引语是祈使句时间接引语为不定式，作 ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise 等动词的宾语补足语 ( dont 变为 not ) .The teacher said to the boy, Open the window.The teacher told the boy to open the window.His father said to him , Dont leave the door open.His father told him not to lea
5、ve the door open.注意( 1) 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用 suggest ,insist 等动 词 加以转述。例如：He said, Lets go to the theatre.He suggested (our )going to the theatre. 或 He suggested that we(should) go to the theatre.(2) Would you mind opening the window? he asked.He asked me to open the window.Why dont you take a wa
6、lk after supper? he asked .he advised me to take a walk after supper.Shall we listen to the music? he asked.He suggested listening to the music.4. 直接引语是感叹句时 间接引语为 what 或 how 引导，也可以用 that 引导。She said, What a lovely day it is !She said what a lovely day it was .或 She said that it was a lovely day. 5如果
7、主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持 直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：（1）一般现在时 一般过去时（2）现在进行时 过去进行时（3）一般将来时 过去将来时（4）现在完成时 过去完成时（5）一般过去时 过去完成时（6）过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时怎么用“三、三、一”概括上面的语法点？注意（1）如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般 过去时。如：The teacher said The earth goes round the sun.The teacher said that the earth g
8、oes round the sun.（2）如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时 不改为过去完成时。如：He said to me, I was born in 1973.He told me that he was born in 1973.（3）如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在 时不改为一般过去时。如：He said, Im a boy, not a girl.He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.（4）如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时， 一般现在时不改为一般过
9、去时。如：The girl said, I get up at six every morning.The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.（5）如果直接引语中含有 since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在 变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如： He said to me, I have taught English since he came here .He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
10、(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better 以及情态动词的过去式 could, might, should, would, 在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。 例如：The teacher said to me . You must pay more attention to your pronunciation.The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my pronunciation. He said , I could swim when I was o
11、nly six .He said that he could swim when he was only six.6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化，变化方法见下表。扌旨示代词：thisthesethesethose表示时间的词： nowthentodaythat daythis week(month ,etc)that week (month ,etc)yesterdaythe day beforelast week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) beforethree days (a year ,etc) agothree days (a year. etc
12、) beforetomorrowthe next (following ) daynext week (month ,etc)the next (following ) week (month ,etc)表地点的词：herethere动词：bringtakecomego一、在横线上填上合适的词1. He exclaimed how lovely the house .2. We didnt know she hadnt handed in the paper.3. The monitor the five of us to clean the floor yesterday afternoon
13、.4. Anderson told us his father had just returned from Shanghai.5. She us to help the old woman in our village that day.6. My father asked me was the matter when he came back.7. That fellow always me clean his shoes for him.8. Tom said that he in the army for three years.9. - What did Alice say just
14、 now?- She said that would borrow that dictionary form Mary.10. I wonder she can attend my party this evening.二、单项选择1. Right now, the boss ordered John to hand in his design .A. this afternoon B. that afternoon C. that moment D. that day2. Jimmy her if she had seen him there that afternoon.A. said t
15、oB. asked C. toldD. asks3. Uncle Wang ordered us to his house at once.A. come out of B. come C. go out of D. go4. The road is covered with snow. I cant understand they insist on goingby motor-bike.A. whyB. whether C. when D. how5. Chen Qiang told Mr. Smith that the Peoples Republic of China inOctober 1,1949.A. founded B. had been founded C. foundD. was founded6. She said to me that might keep book for two days.A. she
