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1、四六级考试必备词汇大学四、六级考试中有一种出题原则叫“形相近意相远”题出题原则，言下之意就是把两个或两个以上长得及其相似的单词放在一起让考生去辨认。这些单词词形虽然相近，但是意思却大相径庭，很多考生在考试中那种紧张的状态之下很难准确地讲正确的单词识别出来。这种出题原则，目的并不是为了要“刁难”大家，目的就是要考察同学们对单词基本功掌握的扎实程度。为了便于同学们复习，我把四、六级考试中常考的一些“形相近意相远”的单词总结出来，发布在这里，供大家参考。也欢迎大家及时提供一些新的词汇。abroad adv.到国外 aboard adv./prep.上(船，飞机)adapt v.适应;编辑 adopt
2、 v.收养；采纳 adept a.娴熟的affect v.影响, 假装 effect n.结果, 影响allusion n.暗示 illusion n.幻觉 delusion n.错觉 elusion n.逃避altar n.祭坛 alter v.改变amend v.改正, 修正 emend n.校正amoral a.与道德无关的 unmoral adj.与immoral 同义不道德的angel n.天使 angle n.角(度)assent v.同意 ascent n.上升 accent n.口音assure v.保证 ensure v.使确定 insure n.保险aural adj.耳的
3、 oral adj.口头的baron n.男爵 barren adj.贫瘠的,不毛之地的 barn n.古仓beam n.梁；光束 bean n.豆 been v. have 过去式champion n.冠军 champagne n.香槟酒 campaign n.战役chicken n.鸡 kitchen n.厨房chore n.家务活 chord n.和弦 cord n.细绳cite v.引用 site n.场所 sight n.视觉来源：clash n.(金属的)幢击声；冲突 crash v.碰幢，坠落 crush v.压坏commerce n.商业 commence v.开始compli
4、ment n.赞美 complement n.附加物confirm v.确认 conform v.使顺从contact v./n.接触 contract n.合同 contrast v./n.对照contend v.奋斗, 斗争 content n.内容adj.满足的context n.上下文 contest n./v.竞争, 比赛continual adj.断断续续的 continuous adj.连续不断的costume n.服装 custom n.习惯council n.议会 counsel v./n.忠告 consul n.领事crow n.乌鸦 crown n.王冠 clown n.
5、小丑 cow n.牛dairy n.牛奶厂 diary n.日记decent adj.正经的 descent n.下降；血统，祖籍 descend v. 向下dessert n.甜食 desert n.沙漠v.放弃 dissert v.写论文dose n.一剂药 doze v.打盹drawn v. draw的过去分词 drown v.溺水drought n.天旱 draught n.通风, 拖拉 draughts n.(英)国际跳棋emigrant n.移民到国外 immigrant n.从某国来的移民except v.除外 expect v.期望 accept v.接受excerpt n.摘
6、录，节录 exempt v.免除excess n. 超过 exceed v.超过 excel v.擅长expand v.扩张 expend v.花费 extend v.延长expect v.期望 respect v.尊敬 aspect n.方面inspect v.视察 suspect v.怀疑extensive adj.广泛的 intensive adj.深刻的floor n.地板 flour n.面粉glide v.滑翔 slide v.使滑行 slip v.跌落relax v.1.放松,(使)松驰 2.放宽,缓和lax,lyse来自拉丁文laxare=to loosen。*lax a.1.
7、不严格的, 不严厉的，马虎的 2.松的, 松懈的 3.用于排便的, 腹泻的, 拉痢的analyse vt.1.分解, 分析, 解析 2.细察，细查analysis n.1.分析，解析 2.分析报告release vt.n.1.释放,排放 2.解除,解脱 3.放开,松开 4.发布,发行lease n.租约,租锲考试大全国最大教育类网站(wwwExamda。com)vt.1.出租 2.租得,租有leisure n.1.空闲时间,闲暇 2.悠闲,安逸 逻辑辨证记忆提示：looseloosen v.1.解开,放松 2.松弛lose vt.1.失去,丢失,丧失 2.迷失,使迷路 3.输,输掉,损失 4.
8、白费,浪费 5.(钟,表)走慢vi.1.受损失 2.失败,输 3.(钟,表)走慢loss n.1.丧失,遗失 2.损失,损耗,亏损 3.失败逻辑辨证记忆提示：与lax,lyse有关的英文单词围绕着“to loosen (解开, 放松, 松开)”造词。这组的难点：analyse 非谓语动词等语法项目的测试特点和应对策略。一、 非谓语动词近几年的语法测试中非谓语动词约占31.1%，平均每年近5道题，可谓是语法项目考查的重点，那么非谓语动词的考查都有哪些特点，解答时又应注意些什么呢?下面我和大家就一起来分析一下：1、非谓语动词考查特点1) 谓语动词与非谓语动词的判断对谓语动词与非谓语动词区别的考查主
9、要集中在独立主格结构，如：All things _ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing buttake the train.(1999.1)A. had been canceled B. have been canceledC. were canceled D. having been canceled四个选项中有三个是谓语动词，只有D是非谓语动词，只要同学们能判断出这里是非谓语动词做状语，则不用考虑时态的问题，答案自明。2) 谓语动词后不定式与动名词的选择谓语动词后接不定式还是接动名词也是四级语法测试中的一个题
10、眼。如： I dont mind _ the decision as long as it is not too late.(2000.1)A. you to delay making B. your delaying makingC. your delaying to make D. you delay to make Had I remembered _ the windows, the thief would not havegot in.(1996.1)A. to close B. closingC. to have closed D. having closed Your hair
11、wants _ . Youd better have it done tomorrow.A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. being cut(1997.6)这类题涉及三个方面：考试大全国最大教育类网站(wwwExamda。com)谓语动词后应该接不定式还是动名词?即可接不定式又可接动名词时，结构和意思上有何差别?不定式与动名词用主动形式还是用被动形式?3) 做定语的非谓语动词的选择从近几年的考查情况来看，对做定语的非谓语动词的考查有两种情况：(1)对一般概念的考查，而不是固定结构中的非谓语动词做定语。如： The project _ by the end of 20
12、00, will expand the citystelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users.(1999.6)A. accomplished B. being accomplishedC. to be accomplished D. having been accomplished If I correct someone, I will do it with so much good humorand self-restraint as if I were the one _.(1996.6)A. to correct B. correctingC.
13、 having been corrected D. being corrected同学们只要掌握非谓语动词做定语的一般的规律,就可以判断题答案为C，题答案为D。(2)对固定结构的考查，如： The professor could hardly find sufficient grounds _ hisarguments in favor of the new theory.(2000.6)A. to be based on B. to base onC. which to base on D. on which to base The pressure _ causes Americans t
14、o be energetic, but italso puts them under a constant emotional strain.A. to compete B. competing考试大全国最大教育类网站(wwwExamda。com)C. to be competed D. having competed题为不定式做定语的固定形式，答案为D，题为某些特定名词的定语结构，答案为A。在英语中有些名词，如动词变来的名词，形容词变来的名词，以及means,way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定语，不定式没有体的变化。4) 做状语的非谓语动词的选择做状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的选择，如： _ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus wouldfall off the edge of the earth.(1996.6)A. Having believed B. BelievingC. Believed D. Being Believed _ a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have atleast a masters degree.(1995.1)A. To become B.
