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1、第三讲 推理判断题一、题型解读高考英语考试大纲指出，阅读文章的主要目的是获取信息，即理解作者所要传达的信息。高考英语阅读理解试题命制形式多样，其中推理判断题属于高层次的阅读理解题，解答此类题目要从整体上把握语篇内容，在理解语篇的表面意义与隐含意义的基础上进行深层推理，透过字里行间去体会作者的“弦外之音”。 推理判断主要包括：推理判断题考点1细节判断题考点2观点态度题考点3写作意图推断题考点4文章来源题和读者对象题考点5对文章内容预测题此类题目在高考题中的数量所占比例较大，是高考阅读理解考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。具体来说，针对不同的推理判断题，寻找线索时要使用不同的方法。二、设问方式一般来说
2、，推理判断题题干中常出现know about，learn from，infer，imply，suggest，conclude，intend，mean，indicate等词语。1.细节推断题常见的命题形式It can be inferred from the passage that _.It can be concluded from the passage that _.The author strongly suggests that _.The writer implies but not directly states that _.The writer/author indicate
3、s/suggests/implies that _.Which of the following statements does the passage support?2.态度倾向推断常见的命题形式The attitude of the author towards something is _.The writer of the passage seems to think that _.Whats the writers attitude towards.? What is the authors opinion on.? What does the author think about
4、.?3.写作意图推断题常见的命题形式What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?The purpose of the text is to get more people to _.The writer of the story wants to tell us that _.The writer talks about.in order to _.The author writes the last paragraph in order to _.4.文章来源或读者对象推断题常见的命题形式This passage would
5、 most likely be found in _.In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed?The passage is probably taken out of _.Where does this text probably come from?Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from?5.对文章内容预测常见的命题形式What do you think will happen when/if.?A
6、t the end of this passage，the writer might continue to write _.The paragraph following the passage will probably be about _.Which of the following statements is most likely to be talked about in the following paragraph? 三、选项特征1.推理判断题正确选项的特征(1)“立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。(2)选项中一般不可以出现绝对概念，如only，never，
7、all，absolutely等。正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some，may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。2.推理判断题干扰选项的特征(1)曲解文意。即推测意义与文章表层意义有区别，推理判断题中有些选项来自文章中的某一句或某几句话，命题者可能会利用里面的字词设计出干扰项，看似表达文章的意思，其实是借题发挥，是对原文意思的曲解。(2)张冠李戴。为了起到干扰的效果，高考命题人常用的一个手段就是张冠李戴，即通过使用原文中出现的词汇甚至句式，把本来适用于一种情况的内容移用到
8、其他情况。(3)颠倒是非。干扰项的内容常涉及原文中提及的一些内容或现象，但选项的意思却与原文恰恰相反。(4)无中生有。这种类型的干扰项往往是基本的生活常识或普遍认可的观点，但在文章中并无相关的信息支撑点。另外，这种干扰项也有可能与设置的问题毫不相干。(5)扩缩范围。为了准确、严密地表达文章内容，命题者特别注意对文意范围的限定，有时通过加上almost，all，nearly，more than，normally，usually等词语对文意加以限制。“扩缩范围”干扰法就是在选项中通过改变或去掉限制性词语，将信息的范围、程度、感情色彩等改变，从而给考生解题造成干扰的命题方法。典例(2017江苏高考阅
9、读C)The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.When considering a merger(兼并)，for example，they have traditionally used size to determine when to step in.They now need to take into account the extent of firms data assets(资产) when assessing the imp
10、act of deals.The purchase price could also be a signal that an established company is buying a new-born threat.When this takes place，especially when a new-born company has no revenue to speak of，the regulators should raise red flags.63.By paying attention to firms data assets，antitrust regulators co
11、uld_.A.kill a new threat B.avoid the size trapC.favour bigger firms D.charge higher prices答案B推理判断题。 根据本段“The first is that antitrust authorities need to move from the industrial age into the 21st century.When considering a merger(兼并)，for example，they have traditionally used size to determine when to
12、 step in.They now need to take into account the extent of firms data assets(资产) when assessing the impact of deals.”可知，在考虑公司数据资产的基础上，反垄断监管机构会避免陷于规模陷阱。【技巧点拨】如何解决细节判断题？细节判断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象
13、征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。典例(江苏高考阅读D)Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There could be only one result.If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good，th
14、ey would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibility；she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.70.What is the authors understanding of freedom?A.Freedom ca
15、n be more popular in the digital age.B.Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C.Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D.Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.答案D推理判断题。一开始作者对freedom的定义是“The essential belief.would take responsibility for the state.”，到雅典人对自由的看法的变化，即逃避责任，再到最后作者说雅典人没有了自由，但自由的概念在数字时代的世界仍然存在，D项“自由需要责任的保障”符合文意。【技巧点拨】如何解决观点态度题？做此类题目必须透过文章的字面意义去理解。作者的态度和观点无非也就是三种：支持、赞同、乐观；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观；中立、客观。作者的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词和不定意义的动词来表
