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1、2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The fossil record suggests that new species do not arise _, but instead develop gradually from other existing species.问题1选项A.instantaneouslyB.tranquillyC.permanentlyD.scientifically【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项instantaneously“即刻；突如其来地”；B选项tranquilly“平静地”；C选项permanently“永
2、久地”；D选项scientifically“系统地”。句意：化石记录表明，新物种并非_出现，而是由其他现存物种逐渐发展而来。新物种是一步步发展起来的，所对应的是非凭空出现，A选项instantaneously“突如其来地”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Stevenson found no（ ）to carry on the work of his father.问题1选项A.aptitudeB.reactionC.arrangementD.polarization【答案】C【解析】 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-N
3、ONEaptitude天资, 自然倾向；reaction反应；arrangement安排, 打算；polarization两极化。have no arrangement to do“没有的打算”, 选项C符合句意。3. 单选题The American dream is not（ ）during the periods of productivity and wealth generated by American capitalism.问题1选项A.plausibleB.patrioticC.primitiveD.partial【答案】A【解析】plausible貌似可信的，貌似有理的；pat
4、riotic爱国的；primitive原始的，简单的；partial部分的，不公平的。句意：在美国资本主义创造生产力和财富的时期，美国梦貌似是可信的。选项A更符合语境。4. 单选题Dr. Elizabeth Hurdon distinguished herself as a surgeon at a time in which medical profession was （ ）male.问题1选项A.onlyB.occasionallyC.predominantlyD.regrettably【答案】C【解析】句意：在医学界以男性为主导的时代, Elizabeth Hurdon博士作为一名外科
5、医生而闻名。predominantly主要地, 占主导地位地, 选项C符合句意。5. 单选题When working on his novel, he was perfectly cautious not to make even a （ ） of the pen.问题1选项A.slidB.slipC.glideD.skid【答案】B【解析】a slip of the pen为固定搭配, 意为“笔误”。句意：在写小说时, 他非常小心谨慎以免出现笔误。选项B符合句意。6. 翻译题 The educated man is presumed to know what is wrong in the
6、world, and what should be done to rectify it. If his education has amounted to anything, it should have increased his ability to think clearly and scientifically, and thus to know how to get at the cause and effect of political, social, economic industrial evils. No man has right to consider educati
7、on as merely a personal benefit enabling him to be more prosperous and happy in the world. He must look upon it as imposing upon him a responsibility to increase the welfare of others. Too many regard it as their own possession, and do not realize that it is something to be shared with others, and t
8、o be used for good of society at large.【答案】受过教育的人被认定能辨别是非, 并能正确改正。如果他受的教育已经达到了一定程度, 便能提高其进行清晰和科学思维的能力, 从而了解政治、社会、经济工业犯罪所产生的原因和所造成的影响。没有任何人有资格只把教师当作自己的个人利益, 利用教育使自 己在这世界上变得更加富有和幸福。他必须把它看作为强加于他身上的以増加他人福利的职责。太多人把教育作为自己独有的财富, 从未认识到应该与他人一起分享, 将其最大限 度地用在社会公益事业上。7. 单选题The second reason why Mr. Li went wron
9、g lies in his failure to（ ）some additional complexities.问题1选项A.take no account ofB.give an account ofC.turn toD.take into account【答案】D【解析】take no account of不考虑, 不重视；give an account of说明, 叙述, 汇报；turn to转向, 求助于, 变成；take into account of考虑。句意：李先生犯错的第二个原因是他没有考虑到一些额外的复杂性。选项A为混淆选项, 根据failure to可知, 选项D正确。8.
10、 单选题The radical transformation of Soviet society had a profound impact on womens lives. Marxists had traditionally believed that both capitalism and the middle class husband exploited women. The Russian Revolution of 1917 immediately proclaimed complete equality of rights for women. In the 1920s div
11、orce and abortion were made easily available, and women were urged to work outside the home and liberate themselves sexually. After Stalin came to power, sexual and familial liberation was played down, and the most lasting changes for women involved work and education.These changes were truly revolu
12、tionary. Young women were constantly told that they had to be equal to men, that they could and should do everything men could do. Peasant women in Russia had long experienced the equality of backbreaking physical labor in the countryside, and they continued to enjoy that equality on collective farm
13、s. With the advent of the five-year-plans, millions of women also began to toil in factories and in heavy construction, building dams, roads and steel mills in summer heat and winter frost. Most of the opportunities open to men through education were also open to women. Determined women pursued thei
14、r studies and entered the ranks of the better-paid specialists in industry and science. Medicine practically became a womans profession. By 1950, 75 percent of doctors on the Soviet Union were women.Thus Stalinist society gave women great opportunities but demanded great sacrifices as well. The vast
15、 majority of women simply had to work outside the home. Wages were so low that it was almost impossible for a family or couple to live only on the husbands earning. Moreover, the full-time working woman had a heavy burden of household tasks in her off hours, for most Soviet men in the 1930s still considered the home and the children the womans responsibility. Men continued to monopolize the best jobs. Finally, rapid change and economic hardship led to many broken families, cre
