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1、初二英语形容词和副词的语法精讲王春娟 杨凌高新中学教学目标：集中学习初中英语形容词与副词及比较级及最高级的用法。教学内容：（一）形容词用法 1. 形容词可分为两大类：描绘形容词和限定形容词。描绘形容词是描写人或物的颜色、尺寸、形状、性质、状态等的形容词。限定形容词用于限定被修饰词的数量、距离、所有关系等。除了these和those外，形容词的单数与复数形式相同。描绘形容词beautiful, large, red,interesting, colourfulimportant限 定 形 容 词基数词 (one, two) 序数词 (first, second)物主代词 (my, your) 指
2、示代词 (this, that, these)数量词 (few, many) 冠 词 (a, an, the) 2. 形容词的位置 修饰语一般应置于被修饰语之前，但当几个形容词修饰同一名词时，其排列顺序一般如下：形容词性代词数量词描 绘 形 容 词all boththe, a(n)this, thatfirstone性质尺寸形状新旧温度颜色国籍材料goodlargeoldredChineseironsuchyour, some,manysecondtwofinesmallhotblueEnglishstone Example: that strong young Chinese swimmer
3、 注意：形容词前有as, so, no, too, how等词时，不定冠词应置于形容词之后。 She is too kind a girl to refuse. 在下列情况下，修饰语应置于被修饰的名词后： （1）名词之后的数量词名词old, long, wide等。 a boy six years old, a street two kilometers long （2）为了加强语气或音调美，将描绘形容词置于名词之后。 He had a face thin and worn. （3）something, anything, everyone, anybody形容词。 Theres nothin
4、g wrong with the electric cooker. （4）作定语用的分词或形容词短语 The judge has talked to all the people involved. 所包含的(形式复杂的) 3. “数词名词”构成的形容词 （1）数词名词，如 a two-week tour, a ten-page report等。 （2）数词名词形容词，如 a seven-year-old boy等。 （3）名词（无冠词）基数词=the序数词名词，如 Unit 6=the Sixth Unit （4）“数量词复数名词”作主语，虽然是复数形式，但仍然用单数动词，作为一个单位来表示
5、。如果强调个别数，则须用复数动词。 Ten years is quite a long time to him. Two months have passed since I last heard from my parents.（二）副词 1. 副词的构成如下： （1）本身就是副词，如very, now, there, quite等. （2）有形容词后缀如-ly, 如happily, carefully等。 （3）有些副词与形容词同形，如early, high, long, fast, hard等。 注意：有些-ly结尾的词不是副词而是形容词，如manly, friendly, queenl
6、y(女王的威严的,慷慨的)等。 2. 副词的位置 （1）修饰形容词和副词时，须放在被修饰词之前，如： The scenery around here is very beautiful. （2）always, never, often, sometimes, usually等表示频率的副词在一般动词前，be动词后，有助动词时，在助动词和动词之间。 He usually gets up early, but he got up late today. I have never met him and I hope I will never meet him. （3）有两个以上不同种类的副词作修饰
7、语时，其顺序为地点（小地点大地点）状态次数时间（单位小的时间单位大的时间）。 They arrived in Paris safely the other day. （4）seldom, rarely, never等具有否定意义的频率副词置于句首时，助动词或be动词须放在主语的前面（也叫倒装句），如： Never did I hear such a funny story. =I never heard such a funny story. 3. 几个特殊副词的用法 （1）enough须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之后；too须置于所修饰的形容词和副词之前。 She speaks English
8、 well enough to be an interpreter译员，口译者 Its too hot a day to work. 但enough修饰名词时须置于名词之前。 Have you got enough money for this microwave (微波) oven (烤炉，烤箱)? （2）too(for)不定式（to），作“太而不能”解；enough不定式，意思是“足够可以”，这一结构可转换成sothat结构。 The boy was still too young to go to school. He was so young that he could not go
9、to school. The man is rich enough to buy a Roll-Royce. He is so rich that he can buy a Roll-Royce. （3）already用于肯定句，作“已经”解；yet用于否定句，作“还”解，用于疑问句作“已经”解，still作“仍然”解。 I have already seen the film. Have you seen the film yet? I still prefer tea to coffee. （4）随着only和also在句中位置的改变，句意和语气也会改变。 Only Mr. Li came
10、 to see me today. Mr. Li came to see only me today. Mr. Li came to see me only today.（三）形容词的比较等级 形容词比较等级的规则变化如下表：构 成 法原 级比较级最高级1、单音节词末尾加-er和-est伟大的greatgreatergreatest2、单音节词如以-e结尾，只加-r和-stbrave 勇敢的fine 好的braverfinerbravestfinest3、闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er和-estbig 大的hot 热的biggerhotterbigges
11、thottest4、少数以-y,-er,-ow,-ble结构的双音节词，末尾加-er，和-est（以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则y变为i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st）happy 快乐的clever 聪明的narrow 狭窄的able 能happiercleverernarrowerablerhappiestcleverestnarrowestablest5、其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most.difficult 困难的more difficultmost difficult（四）形容词比较等级部分不规则变化表原 级比 较 级最 高 级goo
12、dwellbetterBestbadillworseworstmanymuchmoreMostlittlefewlessLeastfarfartherfurtherfarthestfurthestoldolderelderoldesteldestlatelatterlaterlastlatest（五）形容词、副词比较等级的基本用法 形容词与副词都有三个比较等级。 （1）原级常用于“as原级as”结构。 He likes her as much as he likes his sister. 否定的原级用not asas或not soas,二者一般无甚区别。 He does not smoke
13、so heavily as his brother. （2）比较级常用于“比较级than”结构。 He is taller than me. 否定比较与否定原级一样，也用not as(so)as结构，也可用lessthan结构. This word is less frequent in British English than in American English. （3）两个人或物比较时，定冠词the比较级表示最高级。 He is the taller of the two. （4）最高级常用于“the最高级比较范围”结构，比较范围为短语或从句。 It is the best picture in the hall. （5）含有否定词的比较级，如 no less than=as much(or many)as “不亚于” not less than=at least “至少” no lessthan =asas “和一样” not less原级than “至少不亚于” no morethan=notany more than “和一样不” not morethan=not soas “不像那样” no more than=only “只不过”，言其少 not more than=at most
