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1、英美文学复习时期划分Early & Medieval literature 包括The Anglo-Saxon Period 和The Anglo-Norman PeriodRenaissance 文艺复兴Revolution & Restoration 资产阶级革命与王权复辟Enlightenment 启蒙运动Romantic Period 浪漫主义时期Critical Realism 批判现实主义20th Modernism 现代主义传统诗歌主题：nature, life, death, belief, time, youth, beauty, love, feelings of diff
2、erent kinds, reason(wisdom), moral lesson, morality.修辞名称：meter格律, rhyme韵, sound assonance谐音, consonance和音, alliteration头韵, form of poetry诗歌形式, allusion典故, foot音步, iamb抑扬格, trochee扬抑格, anapest抑抑扬格, dactyl扬抑抑格, pentameter五音步文学体裁：诗歌poem,小说novel,戏剧novel起源：Christianity基督教Bible圣经myth神话The Romance of king
3、Arthur and his knights亚瑟王和他的骑士（笔记）一、 1、The Anglo-Saxon period(496-1066)这个时期的文学作品分类：（pagan异教徒）（Christian基督徒）2、代表作：The song of Beowulf贝奥武甫(national epic)（民族史诗）采用了隐喻手法3、Alliteration押头韵（写作手法）例子：of man was the mildest and most beloved. To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.二、 The Anglo-Norman period
4、(1066-1350)Canto 诗章 受到法国影响 English literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.1、 romance传奇文学 Arthurian romances亚瑟王传奇2、 代表作：Sir Gawain and the Green Knight(高文爵士和绿衣骑士)是一首押头韵的长诗 knighthood 骑士精神三、 Geoffrey Chaucer(1340-1400)杰弗里。乔叟 时期1、 the father of English poetry 英国文学之父2、 the heroic
5、couplet 英雄双韵体：a verse unit consisting of two rhymed(押韵)lines in limbic pentameter(五步抑扬格)AA BB CC DD EE3、 代表作masterpiece：The Canterbury Tales 坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）大致内容：the pilgrims are people from various parts of England, representatives of various walks of life and social groups.朝圣者都是来自英国各地的人，代表着社会的各个不
6、同阶层和社会团体小说特点：each of the narrators tells his tale in a peculiar manner, thus revealing his own views and character这些叙述者以自己特色的方式讲述自己的故事，无形中表明了各自的观点，展示了各自的性格。小说观点：he believes in the right of man to earthly happiness. He is anxious to see man freed from superstitions(迷信)and a blind belief in fate(盲目地相信
7、命运)他希望人们能从对迷信和对命运的盲从中解脱出来。4、 Popular Ballads大众民谣：a story hold in 4-line stanzas with second and fourth line rhymed(笔记)Ballads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission(书上)歌谣是匿名叙事歌曲，一直保存着口头传播的方式。代表人物：Bishop Thomas Percy 托马斯。帕西主教代表作：Robin Hood and Allina-Dale 罗宾汉和阿林代尔
8、四、 The Renaissance(16世纪)文艺复兴时期（Greek and Roman）戏剧drama诗章cantoThe term Renaissance originally indicated a revival of classical(Greek and Roman)arts and sciences.文艺复兴最初是指经典艺术和科学在英国的复兴。The epoch of Renaissance witnessed a particular development of English drama文艺复兴时期的英国戏剧也得到了迅速的发展。1、 key word: humanism
9、 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement2、 代表人物1）、Thomas More 托马斯。莫尔 Utopia乌托邦2）、Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯。培根 第一个散文家（essayist）Of Studies 论读书3)、Thomas Wyatt 托马斯。怀亚特 引入十四行诗的第一人Sonnet (十四行诗):form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵)in 14 lines iambic pentameter4)、Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙。斯宾塞poets poet（诗人中的诗人）T
10、he Fairy Queen仙后(epic poem史诗)5）、Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗。马洛Blank verse（无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格）是十六世纪英国戏剧的主要表现形式。6）、William Shakespeare 威廉姆。莎士比亚 戏剧 drama四大悲剧：Hamlet (哈姆雷特),Othello(奥赛罗)，King Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)Sonnet十四行诗AB AB CD CD EF EF GG五、The period of Revolution and Restoration(17世纪)资产阶级革
11、命与王权复辟Prose 散文In 1649 Charles I was be headed.被送上断头台 England became a commonwealth under the leadership of Oliver Cromwell.克伦威尔 这时期French Influence是特色1、 文学特点the Puritans（清教徒）believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideas.清教徒崇尚简朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与
12、旧思想脱离。2、 代表人物：1）、John Donne 约翰。邓恩“metaphysical”poets(玄学派诗人)的代表人物Sonnet十四行诗 他的song: AB AB CC DDDDeath be not proud(笔记)作品特点：strike the reader in Donnes extraordinary frankness and penetrating realism.（坦诚的态度和现实描绘）novelty of subject matter and point (新颖的题材和视角)novelty of its form(新颖的形式)2）、John Milton约翰。弥
13、尔顿 a great poet诗人（poem诗歌blank verse）Defense for the English People为英国人辩护Paradise Lost失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人 horrid crew 堕落天使The poem Paradise Lost, consisting of TWELVE books, is marked for its intricate and contradictory composition. It is based on the biblical legend of the imaginary pr
14、ogenitors of the human raceAdam and Eve, and involves God and his eternal adversary, Satan in its plot.Paradise Regained复乐园3）、John Bunyan 约翰。拜扬a great prose writer“give us the only great allegory(寓言)”Pilgrims Progress 天路历程 prose 散文该书采用的写作手法“written in the old-fashioned(旧体形式)，medieval form of allegor
15、y(比喻)and dream”六、 The Age of Enlightenment(18世纪)启蒙运动Whigs and Tories 辉格党（自由liberal）和托利党 （保守conservative）Addison, Steele, Defoe, Swift,most of the great writers of the age were, on occasion, the willing servants of the Whigs or Tories.prose 散文 sentimentalism 感伤文学 pre-romanticism早期浪漫主义 jack-of-all-trades全能手 radical激进1、 Emphasized formality or correctness of style, to write prose like Addison, or verse like Pope.强调正确的格式和写作规范，像艾迪生一样创作散文，和蒲柏一样创作诗歌。The Enlightenment was an expression of struggle of the then progressi
