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1、翻译三级笔译实务 -11( 总分： 100.00 ，做题时间： 90 分钟 )一、 Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉 )Translate the following passage into Chinese.( 总题数： 1，分数： 60.00)1. As the importance of recycling becomes more apparent, questions about it linger. Is it worth the effort? How does it work? Is recycling waste just
2、 going into a landfill in China? Here are some answers.It is an awful lot of rubbish. Since 1960 the amount of municipal waste being collected in America has nearly tripled, reaching 245m tonnes in 2005. According to European Union statistics, the amount of municipal waste produced in western Europe
3、 increased by 23% between 1995 and 2003, to reach 577kg per person. (So much for the plan to reduce waste per person to 300kg by 2000.) As the volume of waste has increased, so have recycling efforts.In 1980 America recycled only 9.6%of its municipal rubbish ; today the rate stands at 32%. A similar
4、 trend can be seen in Europe, where some countries, such as Austria and the Netherlands, now recycle 60% or more of their municipal waste. Britains recycling rate, at 27%, is low, but it is improving fast, having nearly doubled in the past three years.Even so, when a city introducesa kerbside recycl
5、ing programme, the sight of all those recyclinglorries trundling around can raise doubts about whether the collection and transportation of waste materials requires more energy than it saves. We are constantly being asked: Is recycling worth doing on environmental grounds? says Julian Parfitt, princ
6、ipal analyst at Waste & Resources Action Programme (WRAP), a non-profit British company that encourages recycling and develops markets for recycled materials.Studies that look at the entire life cycle of a particular material can shed light on this question in a particular case, but WRAPdecided to t
7、ake a broader look. It asked the Technical University of Denmark and the Danish Topic Centre on Waste to conduct a review of 55 life-cycle analyses, all of which were selected because of their rigorous methodology. The researchers then looked at more than 200 scenarios, comparing the impact of recyc
8、ling with that of burying or burning particular types of waste material. They found that in 83%of all scenarios that included recycling, it was indeed better for the environment.Based on this study, WRAP calculated that Britains recycling efforts reduce its carbon-dioxide emissions by 10m-15m tonnes
9、 per year. That is equivalent to a 10% reduction in Britains annual carbon-dioxide emissions from transport, or roughly equivalent to taking 3.5m cars off the roads. Similarly, Americas Environmental Protection Agency estimates that recycling reduced the countrys carbon emissions by 49m tonnes in 20
10、05.Recycling has manyother benefits, too. It conserves natural resources. It also reduces the amount of waste that is buried or burnt, hardly ideal ways to get rid of the stuff. (Landfills take up valuable space and emit methane, a potent greenhouse gas; and although incinerators are not as pollutin
11、g as they once were, they still produce noxious emissions, so people dislike having them around.) But perhaps the most valuable benefit of recycling is the saving in energy and the reduction in greenhouse gases and pollution that result when scrap materials are substituted for virgin feed-stock. If
12、you can use recycled materials, you dont have to mine ores, cut trees and drill for oil as much, says Jeffrey Morris of Sound Resource Management, a consulting firm based in Olympia, Washington.Extracting metals from ore, in particular, is extremely energy-intensive. Recycling aluminium, for example
13、, can reduce energy consumption by as much as 95%. Savings for other materials are lower but still substantial: about 70% for plastics, 60% for steel, 40% for paper and 30% for glass. Recycling also reduces emissions of pollutants that can cause smog, acid rain and the conta-mination of waterways.分数
14、： 60.00 ） 正确答案： （回收利用之真相随着回收利用的重要性日渐凸显，关于这方面的问题也日益叠加：值得这么做吗?如何进行操作 ?在中国，回收的垃圾都涌向垃圾场吗 ?以下是一些相关答案。垃圾的数量真是惊人之多。自从 1960 年以来，美国市区收集到的垃圾总量几乎翻了三倍，到 2005 年达到 了 245 万吨之多。 根据欧盟数据显示， 西欧国家市区产生的垃圾数量在 1995 年至 2003 年之间增长了 23%。 人均产生垃圾量高达 577 公斤（远远超过了当时到 2000 年人均垃圾量为 300公斤的计划量 ）。随着垃圾总量 的增加，垃圾回收利用所做的努力也显得日益重要。 1980 年
15、，美国市区垃圾的回收率仅为 9.6%，但今天垃 圾的回收率已达 32%。欧洲国家也呈现出相应趋势，例如奥地利和荷兰，他们现在的垃圾回收率已达 60% 或以上。英国的垃圾回收率目前只有27%，但其回收率快速增长，在过去三年里几乎翻了两番。尽管如此，当城市启动路边垃圾回收项目后，满大街垃圾车竞相奔走的情景不禁引起人们的怀疑：垃圾回 收后可利用的能源是否远不抵收集和运输这些垃圾所消耗的能源?英国废物及资源行动计划组织的首席分析员朱迪帕菲说道：“常常有人问我们：回收真的有益于环境保护吗？”该组织是英国一家非盈利性组织， 提倡回收理念并努力开拓回收市场。 关于特定事物生命周期的研究，以一特定事例便可以阐
16、明这一问题。但是，英国废物及资源行动计划组织 决定一探究竟， 它委托丹麦技术大学和丹麦废物主题中心对 55 篇相关生命周期分析报告进行再次研究。 这 55 篇报告均因其精确分析的特点而被选出重新研究。接着，研究人员研读了200 多个研究方案，并将回收垃圾与掩埋或焚烧特殊种类的废弃物两者各自所产生的影响进行比较。结果他们发现83%关于回收的方案中确实证明回收有益于环境。在这项研究的基础上，英国废物及资源行动计划组织得出以下结论：英国对废弃物的回收每年减少了10001500 万吨二氧化碳的排放量。相当于英国每年汽车的二氧化碳排放量减少了10%，或者大致相当于英国公路上少了 350 万辆汽车。无独有偶，据美国环境保护局估计，到 2005 年，回收将使美国碳氧化物排放量减 少 4900 万吨。回收还有其他诸多益处：保护自然资源；减少掩埋和焚烧废弃物总量。掩埋和焚烧废弃物根本算不上是理 想的垃圾处理方式。 （ 垃圾场占据了宝贵的土地资源， 并产生甲
