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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _ the students potentiality is developed.问题1选项A.of whichB.with whichC.in whichD.to which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：教学质量应该以学生潜能的开发程度来衡量。横线及其后面部分是修饰degree的定语从句，根据固定搭配to the degree确定用介词to，D选项to which符合题意。因此D选项
2、正确。2. 单选题Before turning to writing, I spent eight years as a lawyer _ about how life would be with a prominent father blazing my trail.问题1选项A.fantasizingB.fascinatingC.facilitatingD.finalizing【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项fantasizing“想象，幻想”；B选项fascinating“使着迷”；C选项facilitating“促进；使便利”；D选项finalizing“最终确定（计划、协议等）
3、”。句意：在开始写作之前，我做了八年的律师，_如果有一位杰出的父亲为我开路，生活会是怎样的。根据how life would be可知这里使用了虚拟语气，所以fantasizing“想象，幻想”符合题意。因此A选项正确。3. 翻译题Section B Chinese to English (20 points)Translate the following text into English. Write your translation on your ANSWER SHEET.（40）土壤和土地资源支撑着全球可持续发展，它们还是我们与穷困、食品不安全和气候变化作斗争的关键元素。与其他自然资
4、源复杂地交织在一起，土壤是水、能源和食品安全链条中（nexus）不可分割的组成部分。由于风沙和水的侵蚀，世界每年失去约240亿吨肥沃的土壤。（41）土壤和土地的恶化（degradation）不仅是一个物理或生物化学问题，而且常常与社会经济各方面相联系。贫穷和被边缘化的人口通常最容易受土壤和土地恶化的影响，因为通常是他们拥有这些恶化的土地。（42）为了使贫困的小规模农业耕种社区达到食品安全要求，并且根除（eradicate）极端贫困，我们需要处理与土地恶化相关的一系列复杂问题。土壤和土地恶化既是技术问题，也是管理（governance）问题。【答案】40. Soils and land reso
5、urces underpin global sustainable development, and they are key elements in our fight against poverty, food insecurity and climate change. Intertwined with other natural resources complicatedly, soil is an integral part of the water, energy, and food security nexus. Due to the erosion of wind and du
6、st as well as water, the world loses about 24 billion tons of fertile soil every year.41. Soil and land degradation not only involves physical or biochemical problems, but also often related to social and economic aspects. Poor and marginalized populations are usually the most vulnerable to soil and
7、 land degradation, as they are usually the ones who own the deteriorated land.42. In order for poor small-scale farming communities to meet food safety requirements and to eradicate extreme poverty, we need to address a set of complex issues associated with land degradation. Soil and land degradatio
8、n is as much a matter of governance as of technology.4. 单选题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as _ in a short period of time.问题1选项A.being createB.having createdC.having been createdD.creating【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。根据civilization被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在
9、，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项having been created符合题意。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题_ that rather than avoid capture he presented himself at the prison gates.问题1选项A.Legend has itB.As has legendC.Legend as has itD.As it has legend【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：据说，为了不被抓，他去自首了。A选项Legend has it“据说”为固定搭配，符合题意，其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题In the fi
10、nal analysis, it is our _ of death which decides our answers to all the questions that life puts to us.问题1选项A.conceptionB.deceptionC.receptionD.presentation【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conception“理解；怀孕”；B选项deception“欺骗”；C选项reception“接待”；D选项presentation“战士”。句意：说到底，是我们对死亡的_决定了我们对生命所提出的所有问题的答案。根据语境，这里指如何看待死亡决定我们
11、如何看待生命中的问题，所以conception“理解”符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题During the course of its growth, a frog undergoes a true metamorphosis _ with a fishlike larval stage.问题1选项A.beginB.beganC.beginningD.is begin【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：青蛙在成长过程中经历了从似鱼的幼虫阶段到真正成形的变化。横线到句尾是修饰undergoes a true metamorphosis的状语，根据frog和undergoes是主动关系确
12、定用动词现在分词，C选项beginning符合题意。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题Present-day philosophers usually envision their discipline as an endeavor that has been, since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline, such as theology or science. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or
13、, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human questions whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the
14、 past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events. The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy,” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin. When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes
15、 and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology.” They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of re
