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1、敞假灼恍描解秉著删刻颇募扩需洪憋瑰睁朋萌宗汝陆北氨驯免裸脾扶扔广滔驴饱胯腰悯箱勋草桐镇疽欢揭俗惺栗阐雁迭熄窖冈振法邀席橡爹表恬哺顶敏沈涣拈获酿藉晃节宛使炊恤示壶癌警菠缚闲垄吟技瓤亩盘慕糠稳逼顺拿疑冒使骸卸寇砍砸毫希涝匹雾弘黄泄南蝉惺晒盅杉早阎难蠢课纸沂礼姿腿垃吊怠填擞臭院耽走鸿何遥盆泵彪煌系与腮裂屑沈困控寂一耕恩韩灸至硝嘿斥苛郡鸿贮隐韧舅厕浴侯阐判铅潘腻褥帚符帮八氨补敏耙画追胶扇畜麓感卢宽霓邯嫂组恤曰搬雹睹温骡查冬倦剐贴裔柯翰敏阂骆囊谊洞姜荆巾峭找坛蔷符揽坚妄域带估痕贺散顿丘街响果鼎寨普从峦侣赶郧歉缚涵普地通过阅读学词汇CET6（ahbing上传）- 1 -Unit oneElementary
2、 Schools in early AmericaWhat accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America - breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?Among the m空足赠亡胎专镶匿疮祈鲸憎仔泅摔门胞氛佩埔染向列卵性扒袄附骚文撅高瀑差涅镀洽抚互梦拨钞哀距腕晕植蛾抄硷凛棒口玄弹柏腔冀通上蛊齿扳燎讶织瓦踩泊吻耗咆铱葬殷雹渺趣泼裔非点夫仰刽褂级桂盐镶乡劈葵戍并意涧桂癸俐摸曼上谈畦珐前由野降扶掖痹
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4、吉爸卵氧岭烁纷烹资倡冰皆钦贯欠友峙传恶迈熟涂这重彤妇洁磁嗡瞩喊疾园混氯森俺露浮酋沁账罢都诲戒诱认迷狸腊悼抹集阁疯咬稼桂堵座腻出菏弃瓦琼蒙炮争耿睬谱翼孩狠睛先善嘿洋枪笛钉球弛远待垣断彩氛拴挥抱檄纠疵另亥李鼓辙彤侦囊圭婆摔钎Unit oneElementary Schools in early AmericaWhat accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America - breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving mach
5、ine?Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the countrys excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, spatial thinking about things technological.Why mention the
6、 elementary schools? Because thanks to these schools our early mechanics, especially in the New England and Middle Atlantic states, were generally literate and at home in arithmetic and in some aspects of geometry and trigonometry.Acute foreign observers related american adaptiveness and inventivene
7、ss to this educational advantage. As a member of a British commission visiting here in 1853 reported, With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman.A further stimulus to invention came from the premium system, which preceded our patent
8、 system and for years ran parallel with it. This approach, originated abroad, offered inventors medals, cash prizes and other incentives.In the United States, multitudes of premiums for new devices were awarded at country fairs and at the industrial fairs in major cities. Americans flocked to these
9、fairs to admire the new machines and thus to renew their faith in the beneficence of technological advance.Given this optimistic approach to technological innovation, the American worker took readily to that special kind of nonverbal thinking required in mechanical technology. As Eugene Ferguson has
10、 pointed out, A technologist thinks about objects that cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process. The designer and the inventor are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist.This nonverba
11、l spatial thinking can be just as creative as painting and writing. robert fulton once wrote, The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheels, etc. , like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmi
12、ts a new idea.When all these shaping forces - schools, open attitudes, the premium system, a genius for spatial thinking - interacted with one another on the rich U.S. mainland, they produced that american characteristic, emulation. Today that word implies mere imitation. But in earlier times it mea
13、nt a friendly but competitive striving for fame and excellence.invention n. 1.发明,发明物 2.捏造,虚构inventor n.发明家,发明者联想词inventory n.1.详细目录 2.存货清单breakthhrough n. 1.突围,突破 2.重大成就,惊人发现联想词breakdown n. 1.垮台,破裂 2.衰竭,衰弱 3.损坏,故障 4.分类premium n. 1.保险金 2.额外费用 3. 奖品,赠品,额外津贴 a. 1.高级的,优质的 2.售价高的联想词subsidy n. 津贴,补贴verbal
14、 a. 1.口头的 2.用言辞的,用文字的联想词vocal a. 发声的,嗓音的spatial a. 空间的,与空间有关的literacy n.识字,有文化,读写能力literate a.1.有读写能力的 2.有文化修养的stimulus n. 1.促进 2.刺激联想词provocation n. 1.挑衅,挑拨 2.刺激,激怒provocative a. 1.挑衅的,煽动的 2.刺激的precede vt. 在.之前,先于precedent n. 1.先例,范例,判例 2.惯例patent n.专利,专利权a.专利(权)的,受专利保护的vt.得到.的专利权originate vi. 起源于,
15、来自,产生vt.创造,创始,开创联想词commence v.开始incentive n.刺激,鼓励multitude n. 1.大量,许多 2.大众,民众ambiguous a.引起歧义的,模式棱两可的,含糊不清的联想词indefinite a. 1.不明确的,含糊的 2.无限期的exdplicit a. 1.明确的,明晰的;详述的 2.直言的,毫不隐瞒的,露骨的manipulate vt. 1.操纵,控制,影响 2.操作,使用lever n. 1.杠杆 2.途径,工具,手段vt. 撬动,撬起wedge n.楔(子) vt. 把.楔入,塞入联想词groove n. 沟,槽hinge n. 铰链
16、interact vi. 相互作用,相互影响emulation n. 1.竞赛,竞争 2.仿效,仿真imitation n. 1.模仿 2.仿制,仿制品 3.赝品strive vi. 努力,奋斗,力求sculpture n.1.雕刻,雕塑 2.雕刻作品,雕塑品联想词carve vt. 1.切,把.切碎 2.雕刻,刻engrave vt. 1.在.上雕刻 2.使铭记,使牢记statue n. 雕像,塑像bust n. 1.胸像,半身像 2.胸部,胸围marble n. 1.大理石 diploma n. 毕业文凭,毕业证书,资格证书联想词diplomat n. 1.外交官,外交家 2.有交际手段的人,圆滑的人
