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1、传播优秀Word版文档 ，希望对您有帮助，可双击去除！句子结构及成分1. 及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。The door opened. He opened the door.The meeting began at six. We began the meeting at six. 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。考点1. Most birds can fly.（ ）考点2. The children are flying kites in the park. (
2、 )考点3. It happened yesterday.（ ）考点4. My watch stopped.（ ）考点5. The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( )考点6. She spoke at the meeting this morning. （ ）考点7. Shall I begin at once?（ ）考点8. She began working as a teacher after she left school.（ ）（ ）考点9. When did they leave Beijing?（ ）考点10. They
3、 left last week. （ ）2. 实义动词、助动词与情态动词实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。实义动词指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如：He lives quite near. (live“住”，有明确的意义，单独作谓语，为实义动词。)I like reading. （like “喜欢”，意思明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）I bought a pen yesterday. （bought “买”，意义明确，单独作谓语，为实义动词。）助动词助动词的“助”是“帮助”之意。因此，助动词是指那些用来帮助构成时态、语态、虚拟语气、疑问
4、句、否定句、倒装句和帮助强调的词。这些词本身无词汇意义或意义不完全，不能单独作谓语。帮助构成时态的：The boy is crying.He has arrived. I have been painting all day. Does he like English?He doesnt have lunch at home.Trees are planted in spring. The house has been pulled down. If he had come yesterday, I wouldnt have made such a mistake.So did he love
5、 his mother that he bought her many presents on her birthday.帮助构成强调意义的He did come yesterday. (他昨天确实来过。did起强调作用，没有具体意义，是助动词。)因此可以看出，常见的助动词为do, be, have，它们为基本助动词。一个词既可以作实义动词也可以作助动词，具体是哪一种，主要看它们在句中的功能。He did his homework at seven oclock.Did he do his homework yesterday?He has had breakfast.指出下列斜体单词是实义动
6、词还是助动词。i. Does ( ) he like ( ) swimming? ii. He does ( ) like ( ) swimming.iii. Where does( ) he live ( )?iv. He does ( ) some washing after work.v. He has ( ) had ( ) supper already.vi. The bridge has( ) been( ) built( ) now.vii. I have ( ) been ( )waiting( ) for you all day.viii. He was ( ) struck
7、 ( ) by a stone.情态动词情态动词同助动词一样，不能单独作谓语，要和实义动词一起作谓语。因此，情态动词也称为情态助动词。情态动词同基本助动词的区别在于，基本助动词本身无意义，而情态动词有自己的意义。如：He can swim across the river.You must stay at home. I might leave tomorrow.3. 谓语和非谓语在英语中，一个主谓结构中只能有一个谓语，再出现动词时，要变成非谓语形式，即：在前面加to构成动词不定式，或在后面加-ing构成动名词或现在分词，或在后面加-ed构成过去分词。也就是说，非谓语是指：动词不定式、动名词、
8、现在分词和过去分词。先找出句中的谓语，然后改正句中的错误，并说明原因。考点1. Get up early is good for our health.考点2. I want go home now.考点3. My favorite sport is play football.考点4. There is a bird sings in the tree.The boy sits over there likes singing.考点5. The house was built last year has been sold out.The girls are singing over the
9、re are my classmates.考点6. My parents wanted him work hard.考点7. I remember saw him that day.8. I saw him walked into the building.4. 主动关系和被动关系先看下面两个题：1. _ wonderful, this kind of food enjoyed a good sale.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. Having tasted2. The food _ delicious sells well.A. smellsB.
10、smelledC. smellingD. is smelling主动关系：从逻辑关系上看，相当于主动语态。如：The boy crying over there is Tom.(在那边哭的那个男孩) 从逻辑上讲，the boycry, 男孩哭，相当于主动语态，是主动关系。被动关系：从逻辑关系上看，相当于被动语态。如：The house built last year is the strongest.(去年建的那座房子) 从逻辑上讲，the house was built,房子被建，相当于被动语态，是被动关系。5. 逻辑上的主谓关系在判断是否是宾语补足语时，一般说，“宾语和宾语补足语构成逻辑上
11、的主谓关系”。He asked me to lend him some money.他让我借给他一些钱。判断下列句中画线部分是否是宾语补足语。(是的填T，不是的填F)写作专练1. I want him to come at once. ( )写作专练2. He lent me some money. ( )写作专练3. He made the boy cry again. ( )写作专练4. The teacher found him cheating in the exam. ( )写作专练5. Dont leave the door open at night. ( )6. 复合结构He
12、invited us to come to the party.Its important for us to learn English well.Its very kind of you to help me.Toms coming late made our teacher angry7. 没有人称和数的变化先看下列三组句中have、do和be的变化形式I have a bookHe has a book.They have a book.I enjoy watching TV.You enjoy watching TV.We enjoy watching TV.He is sleepi
13、ng.I am sleeping.They are sleeping.“人称的变化”是指：谓语动词用什么形式，受前面主语是第几人称的影响。主语同为单数（表示一个人）， be在第一人称I后用am, 在you后用are, 在he后用is; do和have在一、二人称后用原形，在第三人称后用为does, has。“数”是指“单数和复数”。“数的变化”是指谓语动词用什么形式，还受前面主语是单数还是复数的影响。如果主语是复数，be要用are的形式，do和have用原形。如果主语是第三人称单数，be用is, do和have要用does和has。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。如：He / I / We can
14、 swim.句子成分主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To
15、swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isnt at home is not true.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill.Beyond the mountains lie a small village.Gone is the day
