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1、复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。主句是句子的主体，从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。从句可以担任复合句的主语（主语从句）、表语（表语从句）、宾语（宾语从句）、定语（定语从句）、状语（状语从句）。中学阶段主要学习含有状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句的复合句。A状语从句：在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表示的意思的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。 时间状语从句：由when, while, as, the moment, the minute, once, whenever, before, a
2、fter, till(until), since, as soon as等连词引导。主 句从 句例 子一般将来时一般现在时I will go out for a walk if it doesnt rain tomorrow .带有情态动词You must look left and right when you cross the crossing .祈使句Ask him to give me a call as soon as he comes back .过去时的某种时态过去时的某种时态I went to bed at ten after the film was over. / The
3、 film had begun when I reached the cinema .I was reading a book while he was singing a song . 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so long as, as long as, in case , if only, provided that等引导。（注：在条件状语从句的将来时态要用现在时和过去时，表示相应的将来时）。Ill show you around the city if I am free tomorrow . / If I had enough money, I would buy t
4、he car 原因状语从句：由because（因为）, as（由于）, since（既然）, for（因为）等引导。He was absent yesterday because he was ill . / As it was already dark, they decided to stay in the town for the night . 目的状语从句：由so that, that, so, in order that, in case等引导。句中常有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。He got up early so tha
5、t he could catch the early train. / He studied hard in order that he might succeed . 结果状语从句：由sothat, so, so that, suchthat等。The film is so interesting that everyone likes to see it again . / Nothing more was heard of him, so people thought that he was dead . 比较状语从句：由than, asas, not as(so)as, the（比较级
6、）the（比较级）等引导。Today is not as warm as yesterday. / He listens to the teacher more carefully than I . 地点状语从句：由where 和wherever等引导。地点状语从句位于句首时，常用逗号与主句隔开；位于句末时则不用逗号。He follows her wherever she goes . 方式状语从句：由as, just asso, as if 等。As if 引导的从句的时态要用过去时（虚语语气）。Please do as I do . / He tells me the whole thin
7、g as if he knew everything . 让步状语从句：由though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, no matter who等引导。Although he has failed many times, he doesnt give up trying .B宾语从句：由一个句子充当宾语，我们称之为宾语从句。（宾语从句的语序永远是陈述语序） 宾语从句的连词。如果宾语从句是从陈述句变化而来的，要用连词that来引导，that可以省略。如果宾语从句是从一般疑问句变化而来的，要用连词if或whether .如果
8、宾语从句是从特殊疑问句变化而来的，连词就应该用特殊疑问词（what, when, where）。 宾语从句的时态：主 句从 句例 子任何一种时态一般现在时（表示真理、科学原理、自然现象）The teacher told / tells us that the earth goes round the sun. 一般现在时任何一种时态I hear that he will come back next week.一般将来时I will tell him that his father rang him up just now when he comes back .一般过去时过去时的某种时态I
9、wondered if Tom would come back ./ Lucy asked whether I had finished my homework . 宾语从句的人称：人称代词要随合理的逻辑而自然变化。She said, “I am much better than before.”-She said that she was much better than before . when 和if 在引导宾语从句和状语从句中，后面的时态有差别。I dont know when (何时)she will be back（宾语从句）, but when(当时候) she comes b
10、ack, Ill let you know（状语从句） .I dont know if(是否) she will come back（宾语从句）, but if (如果)she comes back, Ill let you know （状语从句） .C定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导从句的关系代词有：who(人，主格), whom(人，宾客), whose(人，所有格), which(物), that(人，物)。引导从句的关系副词有：where(地点), when(时间), why(原因)。The ma
11、n who lives next to us is a policeman./ You must do everything that I do ./ We will never forget the day when we visited Gaozhou .主句/先行词从句主句主句/ 先行词从句主句/ 先行词从句 从句的谓语动词和先行词的关系。主谓关系：He asked the man(作从句主语) who/that was smoking .动宾关系：The noodles(作从句宾语) that/which I cooked were delicious . 只能用that 的情况：先行
12、词为all, any, few, no, some, much, little等修饰。 I have done all the work that he told us to do .先行词被序数词修饰。 That last/first question that he asked me was hard to answer .先行词同时有人和物。 They often talk about things and persons that they remember .先行词是everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词。 I remembered ever
13、ything that the teachers taught me before .先行词被形容词最高级修饰。 That is the best book that I have read .先行词被the very, the only, the same修饰。 It is the very book that I am looking for .先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在定语从句中作表语。 China is no longer the country that it used to be .先行词是指示代词that, one, those, this, another, all等。 I
14、s this school the one that I saw in the picture ?主句以who / which开头，定语从句用that 。who is the girl that spoke to you just now ? / which is the car that was made in China ? 只能用which的情况：关系代词前有介词。 This is the house in which we lived last year .先行词本身是that 。 The clock is that which I bought yesterday .非限制性定语从句
15、。 His English , which used to be very poor, is now excellent . 定语从句在句中作定语，所以在使用时，相当于现在分词短语，过去分词短语，动词不定式短语，介词短语作后置定语的句子。aI bought a book that was written by Lu Xun . = I bought a book written by Lu Xun .bTell the children who are playing basketball not to do that . = Tell the children playing basketball not to do that .cThe house that stands at the corner was built in 1987 . = The house standing at the corner was built in 1987 .dWe have nothing that we should fear . = We have nothing to fear .eThe book that is on the table is ex
