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1、知识点总结一、动名词的作用1 .作主语1) 直接位于句首做主语。Swimming is a good sport in summer.2) it作形式主语，It is no use telling him not to worry.常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有：better, wonderful, enjoyable, interesting, foolish, difficult, useless, senseless, worthwhile，等。注意：important, essential, necessary 之后常用不定式3) 用于“There be”结构中。There is n
2、o saying when hell come.4) 用于布告形式的省略结构中。No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). No parking.5) 动名词的复合结构作主语Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较1) 动名词多用来表示泛指，不定式多用来表示特指Smoking is not good for health. It is not good for you to smoke so much.2) 在固定结构“It is no use.
3、”，“It is no good.”，“It is fun.”，“It is a waste of time.”等句型中， 通常用动名词作真实主语：It is no use talking about that.It is no good quarreling with him.3) 在疑问句中，通常用动名词的复合结构，而不用不定式的复合结构作主语：Does your saying that mean anything to him? *4) 在“There be”句型中，只能用动名词，而不能用不定式作主语：There is no telling what will happen.5) 当句子
4、中的主语和表语都是非谓语动词时，要遵循前后一致的原则，主语和表语在形式上要求统 一： Seeing is believing. *To see is to believe.2、作宾语(1) 作动词的宾语某些及物动词后面直接接宾语时只能加动名词，不能加不定式。advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, include, keep, mind, miss, delay, practice, r esist, suggest, escape, bear 等。Mark often attempts to escape
5、being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations.(2) 作介词的宾语(单个介词或最后是介词的动词短语)depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst into, be used to, get used to, de vote.to., look forward to, pay attention to, get down to 等。We are against killing small animals.Shall we have a rest or ge
6、t down to doing our work?(3) 作短语动词的宾语give up, keep on, put off, insist on 等He is often persuaded to give up smoking.(4 )其他情况be worth , be busy ,cant help, cant stand 等。The music is well worth listening to more than once.We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.3、作表语动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或w
7、hat引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与 主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)4、作定语动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如：a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walkinga wash
8、ing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washinga reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading二、动名词的形式和主、被动一般式被动式完成式被动完成式writing、being written、having written having been written其否定形式是在doing前加上not1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作I hate talking with such people.Being carel
9、ess is not a good habit.2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如：I dont remember having met him before.Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help.3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者，动名词用被动语态。(1) 它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，或在其前发生。如：I dont like being laughed at in public.(2) 它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如：I am very pleased at your
10、 having been honored with a medal.三、动名词与现在分词的同与不同相同之处是：它们都是由动词变化而成的，它们都保留了动词的某些特征，它们都能带自己的宾语、 状语，而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。Speaking in the public, he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语，作状语)She hates speaking in the public.(动名词短语，作宾语)区别：1 .动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是： 作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事，此时系动词相当于“是”，通
11、常把主语和表语的位置互换，语 法和意思不变，例如：My hobby is swimming.可改为 Swimming is my hobby. 现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置，例如：The story is interesting .不可改为 Interesting is the story.2. 动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词，区别在于：动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途，而现在分词修饰名词时表性质、状态或动作等。试比较：a swimming boy 和 a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”，即a boy who is swi
12、mming，现在分词swimming表示被修饰名 词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming ,动名词swimming表示suit的用途常见考法1 动名词做主语时，谓语动词的数；2. 在动名词和不定式中，作为介词的宾语是动名词；3. 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词，通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语；4. 有些词后只能接动名词；5. 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法。误区提醒1.动名词(短语)作主语，谓语数用错;2.to作不定式符号和介词分不清;3.否定形式not位置不对;4. 动名词和现在分词的用法弄混；5.只接动名词的动词和短语、句型识记不完
13、整。【典型例题】1) I would appreciate back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.youre calling解析：错选A。appreciate后可直接加动名词作宾语，也可加动名词的复合结构。本题正确答案为C。 此处you改为your亦可。2) . What worried the child most was to visit his mother in the hospital.A. his not allowing B. his not being allowedC. his being n
14、ot allowed D. having not been allowed解析：错选C或D。本题为动名词复合结构作表语。Doing的否定形式not要加在前面，这点一定要注 意。此外，此处应表被动，故正确答案为B。3) . the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A. The president will attend B. The president to attendC. The president attended D. The presidents attending解析：错选C。此句缺少主语。A、C为句子，但无引导词，故排除;B项逻辑上及形式上都不对。正确 答案D，为一动名词复合结构。
