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1、Unit 13 Lesson 4 GrammarA can / could = be able to 1 表示水平两种时态can (could)，其他时态要用be able to的形式He can speak French.Was/were able to 能够表示成功做成某事的含义* managed to do / succeeded in doing With our help, he was able to build the house. Can I go now? Yes, you can.3 表示推测或可能性，常用于否认句和疑问句Can he be at school?Today
2、is Sunday. He cant be at school.Cant couldnt/ Can ? Could? have done There is no light in the room. Can she have gone to bed?She cant have gone to school- its Sunday.Could have done 可用在肯定句中表示过去存有的可能性* may have doneShe could have gone out with some friends yesterday.Could have done 能够表示虚拟语气某事可能发生（并没有
3、发生）It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody.批评某人没有完成某事(本能够做某事)You are late again. You could have got up earlier.4 can 表示客观上的可能性*Anybody can make mistakes.B may and might 的用法1 表示请求和允许 类似用法can could(更加口语化)May I watch TV now? Yes, you may.2 表示可能性; 猜想might比may更加不确定may/m
4、ight have done 对过去的揣测*He may be busy these days.May not 可能不；不可能；一定不可3 表示祝愿 Wish you success!May you succeed!*C must and have to1 表示必须；一定要 能够用 have to 代替 must 现在；将来的必须 而且是主观看法*have to 有多种时态 而且强调客观情况I really must stop smoking now.I had to leave early because I wasnt feeling well.Must I come here?Yes,
5、you must. No, you neednt. neednt / dont have to must not 一定不能做某事 mustnt2 must 表示推测 意思非常肯定 “一定是”“一定会”It must be raining outside.Must have done 对过去/完成的推测* must have done, didnt / hasntMust be doing 推测现在正在实行He must have gone over the article, hasnt he?It must have rained last night, didnt it?D need and
6、 dare 过去时 dared情态动词和实意动词的区别A 人称变化 B do / to do C 直接否认 / 间接否认 can workNeed /dare 肯定句中，实义动词She needs to do it. I dare to do it.使用在否认句,疑问句中，情态动词，实义动词。I dare not do it. I dont dare (to) do it.I need not do it. I dont need to do it.1 need 情态动词 无时态；人称的变化 多用于疑问句和否认句You neednt try to explain.Neednt = dont h
7、ave to Neednt have done sth 过去本不必做某事* 虚拟语气2 need 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化 后接to do You need to tell us the truth.The car needs repairing. The car needs to be repaired.3 dare 情态动词 过去时 dared 无人称的变化 多用在疑问句和否认句Dare he tell them what he knows?4 dare 实义动词 有时态；人称的变化后接to do用于疑问句和否认句时 其后的to 有时可省略Do you dare (to) jump o
8、ff the high wall?E will and would1 表示征求对方(第二人称)意见或询问对方意愿 would 比will 更客气委婉Will you have some more wine?Would you mind my smoking here?2 will 表示习惯性动作或某种倾向 would 表示过去习惯性动作或某种倾向Fish will die out of water.When I was young, I would play badminton on Sundays.Would 与 used to 的区别*Would 只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态Use
9、d to 既可表示动作也可表示状态, 强调现在不如此He used to be a university student.3 will 表示意愿 决心I will never do that again.F shall, should and ought to1 shall 在问句中表示征求对方意见或请求 用于第一，三人称What shall we do now?2 shall 肯定句中 表示说话人强烈的感情 允许，命令，禁止和威胁 *或表示按规定，规章和义务等用于第二，三人称If you dare to do that, you shall be punished.These rules s
10、hall be obeyed. Shall not 禁止，不许3 shall 决心，意愿 = willI shall come if I want to.4 should 表示劝告，建议 = ought to 应该You should wash your hands first.Should 主要表示主观看法*Ought to 客观情况 法律、规定、义务的使用Should have done / ought to have done sth 虚拟语气*Shouldnt have done / ought not to have done sth You should have done it
11、today.5 should 推测 推论 可能性 = ought to *估计They should/ ought to be there by now.6 should说话人的感情。如惊奇、愤怒、失望等、“竟然” 否认句疑问句You cant imagine that well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a ladyWhy should he do such a thing?推测 肯定性 可能性 由强到弱must / shall* / ought to / should / would* / could* / may / might /ca
12、n 理论上的可能/ can? Could? / cant couldntmust 用于表示必定，必会：All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事)所有的人一定会死的。shall用于表示必定：I shall be rich one day. (shall be )总有一天我发达的。ought to / should用于表示想必会(语气较must 弱)：They should / ought to be there by now.他们想必已到那儿了。will 和 would 用于表示预测或习惯性：I think he will be all right now. (will b
13、e 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。Could 表推测No, but the shop could be in the east of the city.may 和 might 用于表示事实上的可能性或预测：It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。You might be right. (表示有可能)你可能是对的。Can理论上的可能Anybody can make mistakes. (只表示理论上的可能性)任何人都可能犯错误。Can? Could? / cant couldnt 疑问否认He cant be at home. (否认
14、句)他不可能在家。Can the news be true ? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句)这消息可能是真的吗?情态动词 be doing情态动词 have donemust / could / may / might / Can; could? have done / cant ; couldnt have done请求和允许 Can could I; he /may might I; he / will would you / shall should ought to I; he? / Must I?不同类型语气分析Can I go with you
15、? (请求)我能跟你一起走吗？Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)我能够问你一件事吗？May I make a suggestion ?我能够提个建议吗？Might I take a look of your work ?我看看您的大作行吗？Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ?(表示客气请求)请问到邮局怎么走？Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？Shall we talk?我们谈谈好吗？What should we do next ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气)下一步我们该怎么做？Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人称疑问句)要不要他来看
