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1、Class： Name： Score：PART 1 INTRODUCTION1.KEY CONCEPTScarcity：短缺，稀缺性。Economics：经济学，经济情况。production possibilities frontier：生产可能性边界。comparative advantage：比较优势。2.TRUE/FALSE1.Scarcity means that there is less of a good or resource available than people wish to have. 稀缺性是指资源提供比人们想拥有的少。2.Economics is the st
2、udy of how evenly goods and services are distributed within society.经济学是研究如何均匀分布在社会商品和服务。3.Economists try to address their subject with a scientists objectivity.经济学家试图用科学家的客观性解决他们的问题4.Economists devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their theori
3、es经济学家设计理论，收集数据，然后分析这些数据，试图验证或驳斥他们的学说5. Interdependence among individuals and interdependence among nations are both based on the gains from trade.相互依存的个人和国家间相互依赖都是基于传统的收益6. If a person chooses self-sufficiency, then she can only consume what she produces.如果一个人选择自给自足，那么她只能消耗所产生。3.MULTIPLE CHOICE1.Th
4、e word that comes from the Greek word for one who manages a household isa.market.b.consumer.c.producer.d.economy.2.The adage, There is no such thing as a free lunch, meansa.even people on welfare have to pay for food.b.the cost of living is always increasing.c.people face tradeoffs.d.all costs are i
5、ncluded in the price of a product.3.The term productivitya.means the same thing as efficiency.b.is seldom used by economists, as its meaning is not precise.c.refers to the quantity of goods and services produced from each unit of labor input.d.refers to the variety of goods and services from which h
6、ouseholds can choose when they shop. 4.Economists, like mathematicians, physicists, and biologists,a.make use of the scientific method.b.try to address their subject with a scientists objectivity.c.devise theories, collect data, and then analyze these data in an attempt to verify or refute their the
7、ories.d.All of the above are correct.5. For economists, statements about the world are of two types:a.assumptions and theories.b.true statements and false statements.c.specific statements and general statements.d.positive statements and normative statements.6.Economists sometimes give conflicting ad
8、vice becausea.graduate students in economics are encouraged to argue with each other.b.economists have different values and scientific judgment.c.economists acting as scientists do not like to agree with economists acting as policy advisers.d.economics is more of a belief system than a science.7.Peo
9、ple who provide you with goods and servicesa.are acting out of generosity.b.do so because they get something in return.c.have chosen not to become interdependent.d.are required to do so by the government.8. Which of the following is not a reason people choose to depend on others for goods and servic
10、es?a.to improve their livesb.to allow them to enjoy a greater variety of goods and servicesc.to consume more of each good without working any more hoursd.to allow people to produce outside their production possibilities frontiers9. Trade between countriesa.allows each country to consume at a point o
11、utside its production possibilities frontier.b.limits a countrys ability to produce goods and services on its own.c.must benefit both countries equally; otherwise, trade is not mutually beneficial.d.can best be understood by examining the countries absolute advantages.4.SHORT ANSWER1. How does the s
12、tudy of economics depend upon the phenomenon of scarcity?为何经济学的研究取决于稀缺的现象？2. How is economics like a science?经济学怎样像一门科学？3. Explain the difference between absolute advantage and comparative advantage. Which is more important in determining trade patterns, absolute advantage or comparative advantage? Why?解释之间的差异的绝对优势与比较优势。更重要的是在确定的贸易方式，绝对优势或比较优势？为什么呢？
