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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form andfunction, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists, artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers-using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features
2、 and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines an
3、d filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologists mind can be seen in nearly every artifa
4、ct that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of rightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should
5、it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but th
6、e nonscientific component of design remains primary.Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes ar
7、e not assumed to entail “hard thinking,” nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings ma
8、de of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.It courses in design, wh
9、ich in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophist
10、icated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failures that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a proble
11、m in mathematics.1.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with （ ）2.It can be inferred that the author thinks engineering curricula are（ ）3.Which of the following statements best illustrates the main point of the first passage?4.Which of the following statements would best serve as an int
12、roduction to the passage?5.The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record “paradoxical”(lines 22) most probably because（ ）6.According to the passage random failures in automatic control systems are “not merely trivial aberrations”(lines 32) because（ ）7.The author
13、uses the example of the early models of high-speed railroad cars primarily to（ ）问题1选项A.identifying the kinds of thinking that are used by technologistsB.stressing the importance of nonverbal thinking in engineering designC.proposing a new role for nonscientific thinking in the development of technol
14、ogyD.contrasting the goals of engineers with those of technologists问题2选项A.strengthened when they include course in designB.weakened by the substitution of physical science courses for courses designed to develop mathematical skillsC.strong because nonverbal thinking is still emphasized by most of th
15、e coursesD.strong despite the errors that graduates of such curricula have made in the development of automatic control systems问题3选项A.When a machine like a rotary engine malfunctions, it is the technologist who is best equipped to repair it.B.Each component of an automobile - for example, the engine
16、 or the fuel tank - has a shape that has been scientifically determined to be best suited to that components function.C.The distinctive features of a suspension bridge reflect its designers conceptualization as well as the physical requirements of its site.D.The designer of a new refrigerator should consider the designs of other refrigerators before deciding on its final form.
