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1、2022年考博英语-对外经济贸易大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following English into Chinese and make some economic comments in English on the following report.China announced Thursday a fiscal deficit budget of 950 billion Yuan ($139 billion) for 2009, a record high in six decades, as the country boosts sp
2、ending to cushion the impact of the global financial crisis.The total deficit accounts for less than 3 percent of Chinas gross domestic product (GDP), said Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao at the opening of the parliaments annual session.Despite the deficit surge, Chinas constant deficit drops in previous
3、 years provide room to issue more bonds this year, said Wen when delivering the government work report.The ratio of the cumulative balance of outstanding government bonds to GDP, which is around 20 percent, is within the acceptable range of what our overall national strength can bear and is therefor
4、e safe.The total 950 billion-Yuan deficit budget was nearly three times Chinas last record high deficit, which was 319.8 billion Yuan in 2003. It will be necessary to spend even more if Chinas economic growth further weakens in the second quarter of this year.【答案】中国周四公布了2009年的财政赤字预算为9,950亿元（1390亿美元）
5、，创下了60年的新高，因为该国增加了支出来缓冲全球金融危机的影响。中国总理温家宝在年度会议的开幕式上说，中国的总赤字占不到中国国内生产总值的3%。温家宝在发表政府工作报告时表示，尽管赤字激增，但中国前几年赤字持续下降，为今年发行更多债券提供了空间。政府债券累计余额占GDP的百分之二十左右，是在我们的综合国力所能承受的范围内，因此是安全的。2003年，中国近3倍的赤字预算总额达到了319.8亿元。9500亿元的赤字预算几乎是中国上一次创记录的新高赤字的三倍2003年为319.8亿元。如果中国经济增长在今年第二季度进一步减弱，就有必要增加支出。2. 单选题No wonder that mans g
6、reat dream has been someday to control the weather. The first step A Btoward control is, of course, knowledge, and scientists have been hard at work for years trying Cto keep track for the weather. D问题1选项A.No wonderB.mansC.hard at workD.keep track for【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。keep track of意为“了解，记录，保持联系”。试题答案：
7、D; keep track of3. 翻译题Rational choice theoryRational choice theory, also known as choice theory or rational action theory, is a framework for understanding and often formally modeling, social and economic behavior. Rationality, interpreted as “wanting more rather than less of a good，is widely used a
8、s an assumption of the behavior of individuals in macroeconomic models and analysis and appears in almost all economics textbook treatments of human decision-making. It is also central to some of modem political science, sociology, and philosophy. It attaches “wanting more” to instrumental rationali
9、ty, which involves seeking the most cost-effective means to achieve a specific goal without reflecting on the worthiness of that goal. Gary Backer was an early proponent of applying rational actor models more widely. He won the 1992 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his studies of discri
10、mination, crime, and human capital.In rational choice theory, these costs are only extrinsic or external to the individual rather than being intrinsic or internal. That is, strict rational choice theory would not see a criminals self-punishment by inner feelings of remorse, guilt, or shame as releva
11、nt to determining the costs of committing a crime. In general, rational choice theory does not address the role of an individuals sense of morals or ethics in decision-making. Thus, economics Noblest Amartya Sen sees the model of people who follow rational choice model as “rational fools”.【答案】理性选择理论
12、理性选择理论，也被称为选择理论或理性行为理论，是用于理解社会，正式对社会和经济行为的框架。理性，被解释为“对最大利益的追求”，在宏观经济模型中被广泛用作个人行为的假设，并出现在几乎所有经济学教科书中关于人类决策的处理。它也是现代政治学、社会学和哲学的中心。它将“想要更多”与理性工具联系起来，这涉及到寻求最经济有效的手段来实现特定目标，而不考虑该目标的价值。Gary Backer是更广泛地运用理性行为者模式的早期支持者，他因研究歧视、犯罪和人力资本而获得1992年诺贝尔经济学奖。在理性选择理论中，这些成本仅是非本质的或外部的，而不是本质的或者内部的。也就是说，严格的理性选择理论不会根据罪犯的内心
13、的悔恨，内疚，或羞愧等自我惩罚以确定犯罪的成本。一般来说，理性选择理论并不涉及个人道德或伦理意识在决策中的作用。因此，诺贝尔奖获得者AmartyaSen认为，遵循理性选择模式的经济学人是“理性的傻瓜模式”。4. 问答题Many people are (A) naturally distrustful of ambition, feeling that it represents (B) something intractable in human nature. Thus John Dean entitled his book about his involvement in the Wate
14、rgate affair during the Nixon administration Blind Ambition, as if ambition (C) were to be blamed for his ignoble actions, and not the constellation of qualities that (D) make up his rather shabby character.【答案】C；改成were to blame for his ignoble actions. to blame 用主动形式表被动意义。5. 单选题If England had won the Revolutionary War, the whole history of the English-speaking A B Cworld had been different. D问题1选项A.had wonB.theC.English-speakingD.had been【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。if引导的虚拟语气，对过去情况假设，主句：主语would/should/might/could have动词过去分词，从句：had动词过去分词。试题答案：D; would have been6. 单选题The shi
