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1、简介Brief introduction赵州桥又称安济桥(宋哲宗赐名，意为“安渡济民”)，在河北省省会石家庄东南约四 十多公里赵县城南2.6公里处，它横跨洨水南北两岸，建于隋朝大业元年至十一年(605616)，由匠师李春监造。距今已有1400年的历史。因桥体全部用石料建成，俗 称“大石桥”。时隔约1397年(也有些资料为大约700年)，欧洲才建成类似的石拱桥。 Zhaozhou bridge is also called AnJi bridge (Song Zhezong given name, meaning clam people),its across Xiao north and so
2、uth on both sides of the water, it was built in the sui dynasty of the first year to eleven years (605-616), by the craftsman fang hj supervisor.A history of 1400 years ago.All because of the bridge built with stone, commonly known as in.About 1397 years (some data for about 700 years), Europe to bu
3、ild a similar bridge.该桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，是世界上现存最早、保存最好的巨大石拱桥。赵 州桥是入选世界纪录协会世界最早的敞肩石拱桥，创造了世界之最。河北民间将赵州桥与沧 州铁狮子、定州开元寺塔、正定隆兴寺菩萨像并称为华北四宝”。The bridge is a hollow circular stone bridge, is the worlds oldest and best preserved large stone bridge.Zhaozhou bridge is to be included in the world record for the asso
4、ciation between the worlds first open shoulder arch, created the most of the world.Hebei folk called zhaozhou bridge and cangzhou iron lion, dingzhou kaiyuan temple tower ,zhengding longxing tower the statue of pusa as and referred to as the treasures of north China.桥长50.82米，跨径37.02米，券高7.23米，两端宽9.6米
5、，桥的设计完全合乎科学原理， 施工技术更是巧妙绝伦。唐朝的张嘉贞说它“制造奇特，人不知其所以为”。这座桥的特点是：(一)全桥只有一个大拱，长达37.4米，在当时可算是世界上最长的石拱。桥洞不是普通 半圆形，而是像一张弓，因而大拱上面的道路没有陡坡，便于车马上下。(二)大拱的两肩 上，各有两个小拱。这是创造性的设计，不但节约了石料，减轻了桥身的重量，而且在河水 暴涨的时候，还可以增加桥洞的过水量，减轻洪水对桥身的冲击。同时，拱上加拱，桥身也 更美观。(三)大拱由28道拱圈拼成，就像这么多同样形状的弓合龙在一起，作成了一个 弧形的桥洞。每道拱圈都能独立支撑上面的重量，一道坏了，其他各道不致受到影响
6、中央拱 是由28个薄，弯曲的石灰岩石板与铁相吻合。这允许拱支持适应变化，甚至可以防止桥倒塌当 拱的一段休息时间。The Bridge is 50.82 meters long,stretch across 37.02 meters, the arch is 7.23 meters high,9.6 meters wide on both ends, the design of the bridge completely Conform to the scientific principle, construction technology is more artifice .The tang
7、dynasty Zhang Jiazhen said it fancy, people do not know its so as.The characteristics of the bridge is : one: (a) the whole bridge only has one arch, up to 37.4 meters long, can be regarded as the worlds longest stone arch at that time. The bridge opening is not ordinary semi-circle, it is like a bo
8、w, so above the great arch the road without a steep slope, is convenient for the horses and chariots went up and down.(2) on the two shoulder of the arch, The bridge has two small side arches on either side of the main arch.This is a creative design, not only save the stone, reduce the weight of the
9、 bridge, and at the time of the river flood, the design also can increase flux of the water, reduce flooding on the impact of the bridge.At the same time, the arch with arch, the bridge become more beautiful.(3) the big arch is made by 28 arch ring , like so much bow in the same shape closure togeth
10、er, made a arc aperture of bridge each arch ring can sustain the weight of the above, if one of them broken it does not affect the others work. The central arch is made of 28 thin, curved limestone slabs which are joined with iron dovetails. This allows the arch to adjust to shifts in its supports,
11、and prevents the bridge from collapsing even when a segment of the arch breaks.(四)全桥结构匀称，和四周景色配合得十分和谐；桥上的石栏石板也雕刻得古朴美 观。赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值，充分显示出了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。 桥的主要设计者李春就是一位杰出的工匠，在桥头的碑文里在拱圈两肩各设有二个跨度不等 的小拱，即敞肩拱，这是世界造桥史的一个创造(没有小拱的称为满肩或实肩型)，这就使 其比实肩拱显得空秀灵丽，既能减轻桥身自重，节省材料，又便于人类活动、增加美观，赵 州桥的设计构思和工艺的精巧，不仅在我国
12、古桥是首屈一指，据世界桥梁的考证，像这样的 敞肩拱桥，欧洲到19世纪中期才出现，比我国晚了一千二百多年。(4) the structure of the whole bridge is symmetry, is harmony with the scenery around ;The bridge carved boulder fence is simplicity and beautiful like.Zhaozhou bridge which has a high degree of technical level and great artistic value, fully shows
13、 the peoples wisdom and strength of our country.The main designer Chun Li is an outstanding craftsman, in the inscription of the bridge in the arch ring shoulders with two small arch, namely a open-spandrel bridge, this is one of the most creative design of the world bridge history (no small arch is
14、 called a full shoulder or solid shoulder type), which can not only reduce bridge weight, saving material, and convenient for human activities, increase the aesthetics, the design concept and the technology of the zhaozhou bridge is exquisite, not only is second to none in our ancient country bridge
15、 , according to the worlds bridge history textual research, the worlds open shoulder arch bridge like thighavent appeared until the middle of the 19th century in Europe, is later than our country for over one thousand two hundred years2、结构根基1979年5月，由中国科学院自然史组等四个单位组成联合调查组，对赵州桥的桥基进 行了调查，自重为2800吨的赵州桥，而
16、它的根基只是有五层石条砌成高1.56米的桥台，直 接建在自然砂石上。这么浅的桥基简直令人难以置信，梁思成先生1933年考察时还认为这只是防水流冲刷 而用的金刚墙，而不是承纳桥券全部荷载的基础。他在报告中写道：2.structurerootsIn May 1979, a investigation team which is grouped by the natural history of the Chinese academy of sciences and other three organization , they made a investigation for the zhaozhou bridge pier.The weight of the zhaozhou bridge is 2800 tons , and the foundation of it is just made of five layer stone into a 1.56 meters
