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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 不定项选择题We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. (21)（ ）evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over three thousand years ago ate (22)（ ）fish. Stealing salt was consid
2、ered a major crime at certain times in history. In the eighteenth century, for instance, if a person was (23)（ ）“stealing salt”, he could be put in prison. History reveals that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that century (24)（ ）stealing salt.In the modern world salt has many use
3、s (25)（ ）the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the (26)（ ）of crops and in killing weeds. It is also used to make water soft, to melt ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to (27)（ ）colors in cloth. Salt can be obtained in various ways, besides being taken from mi
4、nes underground. Evaporation of salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the (28)（ ）common processes for manufacturing salt. In Australia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush.” Yet, (29)（ ）it is obtained, salt will continue to play an important (30)（ ）in the live
5、s of men and women everywhere.问题1选项A.AncientB.HistoricC.HistoricalD.Old问题2选项A.saltB.saltedC.saltingD.salty问题3选项A.arrestedB.caughtC.gotD.seized问题4选项A.asB.byC.forD.through问题5选项A.besidesB.beyondC.exceptD.over问题6选项A.bearingB.developingC.growingD.training问题7选项A.fastenB.fixC.preserveD.tie问题8选项A.littleB.ma
6、nyC.muchD.more问题9选项A.howeverB.whateverC.wheneverD.wherever问题10选项A.dutyB.functionC.responsibilityD.role【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:D第10题:D【解析】21.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查上下文和词语辨析。A项ancient“古代的”，B项historic“有历史意义的”，C项historical“历史的”，D项old“老的”。上文提到it has been used in many different ways throug
7、hout history（盐的使用方式在历史上有很多种），那么接下来的空格根据文章逻辑可知是表示“历史证明”，historical evidence表示“历史证明，史实”。故该题选C。22.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项salt“含盐的”，B项salted“用盐腌渍的，用盐调味的”，C项salting是salt的现在分词形式，D项salty“咸的；含盐的”。根据句子people who lived over three thousand years ago atefish（生活在三千多年前的人们吃鱼），结合上文提到了盐，可知空格是表示“咸鱼，腌鱼”；salted fish表示“咸
8、鱼，腌鱼”。故该题选B。23.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析和语境。A项arrest“逮捕”，指根据法律或命令进行逮捕并予以监禁或拘留；B项catch“抓住”，指捉住跑动或隐藏中的人或动物，一般指活捉；C项get“得到”；D项seize“夺取，逮捕”，侧重指以突然、有力地动作迅速抓住或捉住。根据句子if a person was. “stealing salt”（如果一个人被偷盐），可知空格是表示“抓住”；故该题选B。24.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项as“作为”，B项by“通过”，C项for“为，因为”；D项through“通过”。根据句子History reveal
9、s that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that centurystealing salt.（历史表明，在那个世纪大约有一万人被关进监狱偷盐。），可知空格是表示原因；故该题选C。25.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查介词辨析。A项besides“除了还有，另外”，B项beyond“超过”，C项except“除外”；D项over“完全覆盖，翻转”。根据句子In the modern world salt has many usesthe dining table.（在现代，餐桌上，盐还有许多用途），结合后文可知空格是表示
10、“除了”；故该题选A。26.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A项bearing“承载，忍受”，B项developing“发展”，C项growing“成长”；D项training“训练”。根据空格处后面的crops（庄稼，农作物）可知，空格表达的是“庄稼的种植”；故该题选C。27.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项fasten“使固定”，B项fix“维修”，C项preserve“保存，维持”；D项tie“系牢，打结”。根据句子It is also used to make water soft, to melt ice on roads and highways, to mak
11、e soap, and tocolors in cloth（它也被软化水，融化道路和高速公路上的冰，制造肥皂，以及给布料的颜色）可知，空格表达的是“保持颜色”；故该题选C。28.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项little“少的”，修饰不可数名词，B项many“许多的”，修饰可数名词，C项much“许多”，修饰不可数名词；D项more“更多”，多用于比较级。根据空格处前面one of the可知，如果空格处是最高级，应该是one of the most，more是比较级，没有one of the more这个用法，因此D项排除。little和much都是修饰不可数名词，但是空格处后
12、面是processes，所以A项和C项也排除。句意：从海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸发盐水是制造盐的许多常见过程之一。故该题选B。29.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查连词辨析。A项however“然而”，B项whatever“无论什么”，C项whenever“无论何时”，D项wherever“无论哪里”。根据句子Evaporation of salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the much common processes for manufacturing salt. In Aust
13、ralia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush”.（从海洋、咸水湖或小海中蒸发盐水是制造盐的许多常见过程之一。在澳大利亚，它甚至可以取自“盐性灌木”。），结合前面提到的能够提取盐的地方，可知空格处应该是表示“无论在哪里获得盐”；故该题选D。30.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A项duty“责任”，B项function“功能”，C项responsibility“责任，义务”，D项role“角色”，固定搭配play a role in表示“在起作用”；句意：然而，无论在哪里获得盐，盐将继续在人们的生活中发挥重要作用。故该题选D。2. 单选题He
14、 was（ ）between the desire to crush Nanking at the earliest possible moment by throwing his full force against that city and his realization of the need to provide strong forces for the relief of Shanghai.问题1选项A.irritatedB.besetC.tornD.tortured【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项irritated“生气的”；B选项beset“困扰的”，表示某人因某事而
15、困扰，符合题意；C选项torn“撕裂的”；D选项tortured“折磨的”。结合文章内容可知，他正在被两件事情所困扰，B选项符合题意。句意：他既希望尽其所能尽快摧毁南京，又意识到需要提供强大的力量来解救上海，他在两者之间。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题A stable society is a delicate balance of forces, a（ ）of equilibrium in which the variables have been brought into temporary balance. To alter one factor is to set in motion a series of changes and readjustments that depend upon alterations all along the line.问题1选项A.saturatio
