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1、2022-2023年考博英语-湖南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题I would have gone to the lecture with you _ I was so busy.问题1选项A.except thatB.provided thatC.but thatD.only that【答案】D【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：要不是我太忙，我就会和你一起去听讲座了。A选项except that“除了（名词整体）外，只是（某些细节）”，后面的从句表示前面提及名词中所包含的一部份，也就是对该名词的细节加以修正；B选项provided that“倘若”；C选项but that“若非，要不
2、是”，but that引导从句时，主句必须是否定句；D选项only that“只是，要不是”。这里指的是要是我不忙就会去了，结合语境和用法，D选项only that符合题意。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题He（ ）a messenger to tell the king what had happened.问题1选项A.dispatchedB.authorizedC.nominatedD.entrusted【答案】A【解析】dispatch派遣；authorize授权；nominate任命；entrust委托。句意：他派了一个使者去告诉国王发生了什么事。选项B和C太过于正式；选项D不符合语境；所
3、以选项A更恰当。3. 单选题All things in the universe are interrelated and（ ）with each other.问题1选项A.interveneB.interfereC.interruptD.interact【答案】D【解析】intervene干涉，插入；interfere妨碍，打扰；interrupt闯入，打断；interact相互影响，相互作用。根据句意可知，这里指世界上所有的事物都是相互联系，相互影响的。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题The chairman reminded the lecturer not to be carried aw
4、ay and （ ）from the theme.问题1选项A.deviateB.escapeC.descendD.derail【答案】D【解析】deviate from为固定搭配, 意为“脱离, 偏离”。句意：主席提醒演讲者不要忘乎所以, 偏离主题。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题Companies spend millions of dollars on ads and commercials, trying to（ ）the American public into purchasing their products.问题1选项A.misplaceB.mockC.maneuverD.mani
5、fest【答案】C【解析】misplace放错地方；mock嘲笑；maneuver 调动, 调遣；manifest证明, 显示。句意：公司花费数百万美元在广告和商业上, 试图调动美国民众购买他们的产品。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题The medical staff is prepared to overlook the error on this occasion _ her previous good medical service during her internship.问题1选项A.in the light ofB.thanks toC.with a views toD.with r
6、egard to【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项in the light of“根据；鉴于”；B选项thanks to“由于，幸亏”；C选项with a views to“以便，为了”；D选项with regard to“至于，关于”。句意：医务人员准备忽略这种情况下的错误_她以前在实习期间良好的医疗服务。犯错本来会带来相应的不好的结果，在这里不计较这次错误是一件幸运的事，应该感到庆幸，B选项thanks to“由于，幸亏”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Though fined several times, he still （ ）no importance to his old
7、 habits.问题1选项A.adheresB.clingsC.sticksD.attaches【答案】D【解析】attach importance to为固定搭配, 意为“重视, 注意”。句意：尽管被罚了几次款, 他仍然不重视他的旧习惯。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题Polio has been so effectively suppressed by vaccination programs that most doctors have never encountered its symptoms; in fact, when the rare patient today is _ with
8、 the polio virus, doctors are likely to misdiagnose the illness.问题1选项A.affectedB.exposedC.engagedD.afflicted【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。A选项affected“假装的，做作的”；B选项exposed“（地方）不遮挡风雨的；（人）易受攻击（或批评）的”，be exposed to“受攻击”；C选项engaged“正从事的”；D选项afflicted“受困扰的”，be afflicted with“患病”。句意：小儿麻痹症已经因为疫苗接种计划有效地抑制住了，以至于大多数医生从未遇到过其症
9、状；事实上，当如今患者中罕见_小儿麻痹症时，医生很可能会误诊。小儿麻痹症现在已经很少见了，以至于碰到患有小儿麻痹症的患者，医生很可能会误诊，D选项afflicted“受困扰的”符合题意。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题The fossil record suggests that new species do not arise _, but instead develop gradually from other existing species.问题1选项A.instantaneouslyB.tranquillyC.permanentlyD.scientifically【答案】A【解析】考查副
10、词辨析。A选项instantaneously“即刻；突如其来地”；B选项tranquilly“平静地”；C选项permanently“永久地”；D选项scientifically“系统地”。句意：化石记录表明，新物种并非_出现，而是由其他现存物种逐渐发展而来。新物种是一步步发展起来的，所对应的是非凭空出现，A选项instantaneously“突如其来地”符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题War may be a natural expression of biological instinct and drives toward aggression in the human spec
11、ies. Natural impulses of anger, hostility, and territoriality are expressed through acts of violence. These are all qualities that humans share with animals. Aggression is a kind of innate survival mechanism, an instinct for self-preservation, that allows animals to defend themselves from threats to
12、 their existence. But, no the other hand, human violence shows evidence of being a learned behavior. In the case of human aggression, violence cannot be simply reduced to an instinct. The many expressions of human violence are always conditioned by social conventions that give shape to aggressive be
13、havior. In human societies violence has a social function. It is a strategy for creating or destroying forms of social order. Religious traditions have taken a leading role in directing the powers of violence. We will look at the ritual and ethical (道德上的)patterns within which human violence has been
14、 directed.The violence within a society is controlled through institutions of law. The more developed a legal system becomes, the more responsibility society takes for the discovery, control, and punishment of violent acts. In most tribal societies the only means to deal with an act of violence is r
15、evenge. Each family group may have the responsibility for personally carrying out judgment and punishment upon the person who committed the offense. But in legal systems, the responsibility for revenge becomes depersonalized and diffuses. The society assumes the responsibility for protecting individuals from violence. In cases where they cannot be protected, the society is responsible for impos
