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1、高中英语短文改错写作训练（一）教学指导 短文改错是高考写作中的一部分，文体大都是记叙文，旨在测试考生发现、判断和纠正错误的能力。它要求考生具有词法、句法和在语篇中综合运用英语的能力，因此考点综合性强，覆盖面广，错项设置类型多，是历年高考英语中的难题。为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所了解，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。短文改错要从从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误1. 常见谓语动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致;
2、 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是be动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为do 错误类型属于 ）2） As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited错误类型属于)3） There will an important gam
3、e next month.(will后加be错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一致,was应为were)2. 名词的常见错误：单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in all my subject.（subject 改为subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为words） Wit
4、hout enough knowledges, you can never teach well.（knowledges是不可数名词，改为knowledge）3. 连词错误 连词包括关系代词、从属连词和并列连词and/ or/but等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了who的所有格形式改为whose) I teach them, play with them, but watch them grow
5、ing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but改为 and) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（已经有连词as ,所以去掉but）4. 冠词错误：误用a和an（根据单词的因素来判定）；误用a 和the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方） 多余冠词或缺少冠词。 We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为the the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mount
6、ain是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ） I hope you have pleasant journey.（一次愉快的旅行，所以pleasant前加a)5. 形容词和副词错误1) 系动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 副词修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词修饰 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together.（time是名词 所以要用形容词wonderful修饰） My pronunciation was terribly.(
7、作表语要用形容词terrible)6. 代词错误 1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数4）多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) One
8、 day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (在to 前加it) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out.（other应为others） Whats more , you have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him.（him应为them）7. 非谓语动词的常见错误1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2）and 连接的不定式
9、或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时），3）介词后用动名词ving形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(go作主语 改为 going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy
10、themselves.(read应为reading)8. 介词错误1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family.（among 改为 in my family 为固定搭配） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at ）此外，还有一些错误是固定搭配中的错误，需要同学们在日常学习中注意积累固定短语。短文改错解题步骤1） 通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲3）反复通读，
11、复查验证注意：短文改错中“一致性”问题：1、主谓一致 2、时态与语态的一致 3、代词先后指代一致 4、名词数的一致 5、平行结构中的一致 6、全文写作逻辑语义一致我去探险假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中有十处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。增加：在缺词处增加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改:在错词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多着(从11处起)不计分.Dear Sir, Im writing to talk
12、about the problems of food safety nowadays.In order to reducing the cost and make more profits， some food companies dont take necessary safety measure to guarantee the food quality.As a result of ,more and more low-quality food flows into the market,do a lot of harm to consumers health .In myOpinion
13、, food are essential to human beings. We can not live withoutproperly food.If no notice were taken of food safety, the health ofthe whole nation could suffer.So I call the whole society to take action and put an end for the low-quality food .Only in thisWay can we live the healthier life. Yours truly, Li Hua
