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1、语法专题五：形容词与副词 形容词、副词是非常重要的词，是高考必考内容。2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲附录语法项目表中对形容词和副词考查都列了两项：形容词（比较级和最高级）副词（比较级和最高级）。纵观历年高考试题，试题中出现的考点主要有：形容词和副词的语义辨析，形容词与副词的相互转换，形容词和副词的等级。 2015年高考全国卷第69题（语法填空）考查了形容词regular变成副词regularly；第76题（短文改错）考查了副词seriously变成形容词serious。此外，完形填空中第44、第48、第50、第53、第57和第60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。2016年
2、高考全国卷第63题（语法填空）考查了形容词official变为副词officially；第75题考查了形容词honest变为名词honesty。此外，完型填空第52题还考查了quiet、still、away与calm的辨析。2017年高考全国卷第66题（语法填空）考查了形容词bad变成比较级worse；第69题（语法填空）考查了care变成形容词careful；第78题（短文改错）考查了副词late变成later；第79题（短文改错）考查了副词suddenly改为形容词sudden。此外，完型填空第54、第58和60题都是考查形容词或副词在具体语境中的词义。I.形容词、副词的等级 (一)形容词
3、/副词的比较级和最高级构成1规则形容词级的构成规则如下表：单音节词er和est型构成规则原级比较级最高级一般在词末加-er和-esttallgreathardtallergreaterhardertallestgreatesthardest以e结尾的只加-r和-stnicelargenicerlargernicestlargest以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加-er,-estdrydrierdriest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-estbigthinhotbiggerthinnerhotterbiggestthinnesthottest双音
4、节词er和est型少数以-y, -er, -ow, -ble, -ple结尾的双音节单词，方法同单音节词happysimpleclevernarrowhappiersimplercleverernarrowerhappiestsimplestcleverestnarrowestmore和most型其他的在前面加more,most分别构成比较级和最高级carefulusefulquicklymore carefulmore usefulmore quicklymost carefulmost usefulmost quickly多音节词more和most型在其前面加more和mostdiffic
5、ultbeautifulmore difficultmore beautifulmost difficultmost beautiful 2.不规则形容词的级的构成:原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfartherfarthestfurtherfurthestoldolderoldesteldereldest 3.形容词、副词递减的比较等级的构成在形容词、副词前加less和least，表示“较不”和“最不”:interesting有趣的 less interesting较
6、无趣的 least interesting最无趣的important重要的 less important较不重要的 least important最不重要的 有些形容词可以加er及est或前面加上more / most来形成比较级和最高级polite politer 或more polite politest 或most polite ，这类词还有quiet，handsome，pleasant，common，exact等. II.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练形容词与副词考点规律分析：短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误加mo
7、re)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的asas 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。语法填空主要涉及形容词与副词之间以及形容词、副词与其他词类之间的互换，形容词与副词的比较等级等。 形容词与副词单句改错之真题训练：1. After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. 2. However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. 3. La
8、st Sunday, police cars hurried to the taller building in New York. 4. As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. 5. People in industrial countries can expect to live for twice so long as people who lived a few hundred years ago. 6. In some places
9、 you may borrow many books as you want.7. I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. 8. Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. 9. First, let me tell you something more about myself. 10. I used to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interesting in football.11.
10、Also, the sport teaches us the important of obedience.12. Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family.13. I think I liked those classes because I felt that they helped me understand what the world works. 14. After learning the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practically to me
11、. 15.Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 16. She called 119 immediate. 17. For instance, one night he played strong and loudly music till four oclock in the morning. 18.But he is difference now. 19. The time passes quick. 20. although radios can be very noise.21. all planne
12、d and written by grown-ups to make children want things that they dont real need. 22. But one of the best players in our team told me just then that he wouldnt play basketball any more. 23. But one of the best players in our team told me just now that he wouldnt play basketball once more. 24.I would
13、 describe myself as shy and quietly. 25. Finding information on the net is easily. 26.Yes, a concert can be very excited.27. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleasure in a hobby which is both interested and fun. 形容词与副词单句改错之模拟训练：1. Ill try to be more carefully next time.2. China is much mo
14、re bigger than the United States.3.There are few boys than girls in our class.4. He says that skiing is much exciting than skating.5. The more money you make, the most you spend.6. She found someone was following her, so she felt frightening.7.It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yours
15、elf.8. In fact, we finished the work without any difficult.9. Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!10. The fish tastes well; why not have a try?11.Last week was very rain. I didnt go out the whole week.12. The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 13.I promise to return back before 10. 14. The book contains much use information. Its well worth reading.15. This is quite far the mostly expensive bicycle in th
