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1、被动语态的用法及练习(一) 语态的基本概念和种类语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。所以英语的语态是 通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作 的发出者为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。如：They built the bridge.The bridge was built by them.(二) 被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词+by+施动者”构成。人称、数和时态的 变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。1、一般现在时的被动语态.am / is / are +动词的过去分词Our classroom is clea
2、ned every day.This car is made in China.2、一般过去式的被动语态:was / were +动词的过去分词His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.3、现在进行时的被动语态:am/ is / are + being +动词的过去分词A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.4、过去进行时的被动语态:was / were + being +动词的过去分
3、词A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.5、一般将来时的被动语态：(A) will / shall + be +动词的过去分词(B) am / is / are + going to be + 动词 的过去分词.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
4、6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would / should + be + 动词的过去分词(2).was / were +going to be + 动词 的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7、现在完成时的被动语态:have / has + been +动词的过去分词Some new factories have been built in the city
5、since last year.Your watch has been mended already.8、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been +动词的过去分词He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didnt know that my watch had been mended .9、含情态动词的被动式：can/may/must + be + done例女口: He can not be found. /1 must be paid for this.歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。情态动词的被
6、动语态是常考的一个知识点：情态动词+be+过去分词（三）被动语态的用法1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。（不知道电脑是谁偷的）This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如： the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。Eight hours per day for sl
7、eep must be guaranteed.每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；动作承受者需强调，被动语态 运用到（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。（1）通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的 谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词by的宾语（若 动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该by短语）。女口：Li Lei planted the tree last year, f The tree was pl
8、anted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是 李蕾去年栽的。Workers made the machines in Changsha, f The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。（2）将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾 语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。女口：He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门 被漆成绿色了。注意:表示使、让的动词make, have等，以及感官动词
9、see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的to要 省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带to。女口：I saw him go into the teachers7office. He was seen to go into the teachers7office. 看见他进入了教师办公室。（3）带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在 间接宾语前加to或for留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直 接宾语留在动词之后。但一般
10、采用后一种用法。女口：He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year.这支笔是去年给我的。【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带to的动词有:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等；间接宾语前带for 的动词有:book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save 等。（4）动词 belie
11、ve, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 白勺被动语 态，常有两种结构形式。女口：He was said to get hurt in the car accident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。It was said that he got hurt in the car accident.人们说他在车祸中受伤了。（5）短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。女口：She has never been operated on before.她从未动过手术。The baby was looke
12、d after by her sister.这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。His plan was laughed at by everyone.他的计划大家都嘲笑。（6）动词不定式的被动语态：即把to do变成to be done（五）不用被动语态的情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.Aft
13、er the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。（错）The price has been risen.（对）The price has risen.（错）The accident was happened last week.（对）The accident happened last week.（错）The price has raised.（对）The price has been raised.（错）Please seat.（对）Please be sea
14、ted.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特 别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积 累。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong toThis key just fits the lock.You
15、r story agrees with what had already been heard.3）系动词无被动语态：appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turnIt sounds good.4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：die, death, dream, live, lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.5）当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。（对）She likes to swim.（错）To swim is liked by her.习题讲解和练习题习题讲解l. We shall discuss the problem at tomorrows meeting.（提不）the problem -be - discuss2. Has anybody fed the birds?（提不）Has anybody - be - feed3. People will never forget the accident.（提不）the accident - will be - forget4. They
