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1、2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题There are several _ between the original estimates of the cost and the actual bills.问题1选项A.exaggerationsB.discrepanciesC.breakthroughsD.compliances【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项exaggeration“夸张；夸大之词；夸张的手法”；B选项discrepancy“不符；矛盾；相差”；C选项breakthrough“突破；突破性进展”；D选项compliance“顺从，
2、服从；符合；屈从；可塑性”。句意：费用的原始估计和实际账单之间有几处不一致。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题The manager tried to wave aside these issues as _ details that would be settled later.问题1选项A.versatileB.trivialC.preliminaryD.alternate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项versatile“多才多艺的；通用的，万能的；多面手的”；B选项trivial“不重要的，琐碎的；琐细的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项alterna
3、te“交替的，轮流的；间隔的，每隔（天等）的；（一个或多个事物）另外的，可供选择的；（两者）互不相容的；另类的，非传统的；（叶、芽）互生的”。句意：经理试图对这些问题置之不理，认为都是些琐碎的细节，以后再解决。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Depressed, overworked and _ by those people whom he owed money to, he decided to put an end to his problems.问题1选项A.bewitchedB.bewilderedC.besmirchedD.beset【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bewitch
4、ed“（使）鬼迷心窍；（使）着迷，陶醉”；B选项bewildered“使迷惑，使不知所措”；C选项besmirched“弄脏；诽谤，玷污”；D选项beset“困扰；镶嵌；围绕”。句意：他情绪低落，工作过度，被那些欠他钱的人所困扰，他决定做个了结。因此D选项正确。4. 翻译题In the case of art appreciation, psychological conditions are required. Oriental art is dedicated not to the eye, but to the mind. It is for internal enjoyment. Th
5、e ideal way of looking at a painting is not to go to a public gallery or in the midst of a crowd. The ideal way is to be alone with the painting, concentrating ones mind on it, communicating with it until one enters into the rhythmic vitality of the object. The garden, also, is never meant to be mon
6、umental or ornamental, but a place for spiritual communication and purification. In the appreciation of art, nature must be penetrated, profoundly understood, reflected upon. This attitude is almost a religious one, and is absolutely necessary in the appreciation of Oriental sculpture.【答案】就艺术欣赏而言，需要
7、心理条件。东方艺术献身于心灵而非眼睛。它注重于内心的享受。看一幅画的理想方式不是去公共画廊或在人群中。理想的方法是与画独处，专心于画，与画交流，直到感觉到它生命的韵律。花园，也从来不是纪念性的或装饰性的，而是一个精神交流和净化的地方。在欣赏艺术的过程中，必须深入自然，深刻理解自然，反思自然。这种态度几乎是一种宗教性的态度，在欣赏东方雕塑作品中是绝对必要的。5. 单选题Imagine a disease spreading across the globe, killing mostly middle-aged people or leaving them chronically disable
8、d. Then one day researchers come up with a drug that can prevent some of the diseases nastier effects. You would think the worlds ageing public would be eternally grateful.The disease does exist. It is called tobacco addiction. The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that
9、leads to emphysema. But the inventors have received no bouquets. Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow, distracting smokers from the task of quitting. Another experimental drug, which could protect smokers against cancer, is also viewed with suspicion because it cou
10、ld give smokers an excuse not to quit.On the face of it these responses make sense. It is ingrained in society that smokers have only themselves to blame and their salvation lies in a simple act of will. If they will not quit smoking, they cannot expect help from anyone else.But this logic is flawed
11、. Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year. Yet, even with nicotine gum, patches and drugs to ease the ordeal, the quit rate is still under 10 percent. In the UK, the proportion of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade
12、. Tobacco has a powerful grip, and many smoker are caught in a trap they cannot escape: they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.This reasoning is hard for many to swallow. It certainly leaves governments and anti-smoking groups in a bind. They are
13、 happy to pay lip service to methods for reducing harmof which three are a growing numberbut they are slow to create policies based upon them. European Union countries, for example, took years to even consider regulating the dangerous additives in cigarettes.One fear is that methods for reducing har
14、m will dilute the message that tobacco killsespecially when given to youngsters. But that message wont change, in the present case, even if both drugs turn out to work in human trials, they would not protect against all the deadly side effects of smoking. And the drugs do not have to be free to all.
15、 They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.There are things that no drug aimed at harm reduction will ever be able to do. It will not cut passive smoking or stop tobacco companies persuading millions of teenagers to light up. For these reaso
16、ns all other ways to counter smoking must continue, from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes. But it would be a mistake to ignore the harm reduction measures. For those who are not convinced, forget smokers for a moment. Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers, especially those working long hour
