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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考前提分综合测验卷(附带答案及详解)1. 填空题The family is a cooperative enterprise which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. A B C D【答案】A which改为where或for which【解析】【考查点】从句。【解题思路】it is difficult to lay down rules是修饰enterpri
2、se的定语从句,enterprise表示地点,所以可以用where引导。结合固定句型It is difficult for sb. to do sth.,此题为for enterprise,在这里for which相当于where。【句意】家庭是合作式企业,很难制定规则,因为每个家庭都需要找到适合自己的办法来解决属于自己的问题。2. 单选题At Buffalo Creek, West Virginia, a makeshift dam at a coal mine site collapsed with a loss of more than 100 lives.问题1选项A.fragileB
3、.massiveC.crudeD.temporary【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fragile 易碎的,易损的 B. massive 巨大的,大而重的C. crude 粗略的,简略的 D. temporary 暂时的,临时的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的,权宜的”,用来形容dam,指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝,temporary与之词义相近,因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】在西弗吉尼亚州的布法罗溪,某个煤矿工地的临时大坝倒塌,造成100多人死亡。3. 单选题If a person is in a stat
4、e between sleeping and being awake, often as a result of heat or drinking alcohol, he feels _.问题1选项A.tiresomeB.fatiguedC.drowsyD.restless【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. tiresome 讨厌的,令人厌烦的 B. fatigued 身心交瘁,精疲力竭C. drowsy 困倦的,昏昏欲睡的 D. restless 坐立不安的,不耐烦的【答案】C【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词between sleeping and being awake,可知这
5、里指一个人半梦半醒时的感觉,drowsy符合语境,因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。【句意】如果一个人处于半梦半醒的状态,通常是由于发热或饮酒,他会感到昏昏欲睡。4. 填空题In the 8th century gigaku fell into disfavor because its frivolous (愚蠢的) character _ the Japanese rulers of the period. (please)【答案】displeased【解析】【考查点】动词。【解题思路】because引导原因状语从句,横线处为谓语动词。根据时间8th century,可
6、知句子时态为一般过去时。这里指的是伎乐愚蠢可笑的特点让统治者_,因此伎乐不受欢迎,displease的意思为“使恼怒,使生气,使不悦”,符合语境,其过去式为displeased。【句意】在8世纪,伎乐因其愚蠢可笑的特点,当时的日本统治者听了不悦,因此不受欢迎。5. 单选题Those who anticipate price changes correctly can often gain financially from their foresight.问题1选项A.forecastB.visionC.estimateD.talent【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. forecast 预测,
7、预报 B. vision 眼力,远见卓识C. estimate (对数量、成本等的)估计,估价 D. talent 天资,天赋【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】foresight的意思为“深谋远虑,先见之明”,指的是有先见之明的人可以正确预测价格变化,因此就可以获得可观的经济收益,强调对事物发展的洞察力,vision与之词义相近,因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】那些正确预测价格变化的人往往能从他们的远见中获得经济利益。6. 单选题Black and Latino boys commit plenty of violence in school, of
8、course, but theyre more likely to assault an individual whom they know.问题1选项A.intrudeB.violateC.attackD.battle【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. intrude 闯入,侵入 B. violate 违犯,违背(法律、协议等)C. attack 袭击,攻击 D. battle 搏斗,奋斗,斗争【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】assault的意思为“袭击,侵犯人身”,指的是黑人和拉丁裔男孩有可能攻击他们认识的人,attack与之词义相近,因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项
9、词义与之不符。【句意】当然,黑人和拉丁裔男孩在学校犯下了很多暴力行为,但他们更有可能攻击他们认识的人。7. 填空题The impact of their activities is increased importance at a time when most governments manage the economy with one eye on the unemployment statistics. A B C D【答案】A increased importance改为of increased importance【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】A部分前面是be动词,A部分
10、所在内容为表语,这里表达的意思是活动的影响很重要,固定搭配为be of importance,所以这里应为of increased importance。【句意】在大多数政府管理经济时都只关注失业统计数据的时候,这些企业活动的影响变得越来越重要。8. 填空题The origin of contemporary sociological references to social structure can be traced to Emile Durkheim, who argued that parts of society are interdependent and that this i
11、nterdependency imposes structure for the behavior of institutions A B C Dand their members.【答案】D for改为on【解析】【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】impose sth. on sb./sth.意思为“把强加于”,此题正确用法为impose structure on the behavior。【句意】当代社会学对社会结构可以追溯到埃米尔迪尔凯姆,他认为社会的各个部分相互依赖的,这种相互依赖将结构强加在机构及其成员的行为。9. 单选题This website provides informatio
12、n and latest news about the latest gadgets with all its uniqueness and shortcomings.问题1选项A.devicesB.advancesC.operationsD.spheres【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. devices 装置,器具,设备 B. advances 进步,进展C. operations 手术 D. spheres 球体,球形【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】gadgets的意思为“小器具,小装置”,devices与之词义相近,因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项词义与之不符。【句意】本网站提供有关最新产品的资讯和最新消息,并介绍其独特之处和不足之处。10. 填空题Inventions and innovations almost always come out of laborious trial and error. Innovation is like soccer even the best players miss the goal and have their shots to be bloc