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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学院考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题One of the largest earthquakes ever recorded hit on Boxing Day 2004. The resulting tsunami devastated huge swaths of the Indian Ocean coastline and left an estimated quarter of a million people dead across Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India and Thailand. Aid agenci
2、es quickly arrived to help battered and traumatised survivors.Mental health care was a massive part of the emergency response but the World Health Organization(WHO) promptly did something it has never done before or since. It specifically denounced a type of psychological therapy and recommended tha
3、t it shouldnt be used. The therapy was a single session treatment called “psychological debriefing”，which involved working with disaster victims to encourage people to supposedly “ process ” the intense emotions by talking through them in stages. It was intended to prevent later mental health proble
4、ms by helping people resolve difficult emotions early on. The only trouble was that it made things worse. Studies had shown that people given post-disaster psychological debriefing were subsequently more likely to suffer mental health problems than people who had had no treatment at all.Guidance fro
5、m the worlds most influential health authority had little effect, and the therapy was extensively used. The reluctance to do things differently was tied up with some of the least-appreciated facts about our reactions to disaster. In our trauma-focused society, it is often forgotten that the majority
6、 of people who experience the ravages of natural disaster, become the victims of violence or lose loved ones in tragedy will need no assistance from mental health professionals.Most people will be shaken up, distressed and bereaved, but these are natural reactions, not in themselves disorders. Only
7、a minority of people一 rarely more than 30% in well-conducted studies and often considerably lesswill develop psychological difficulties as a result of their experiences, and the single most common outcome is recovery without the need of professional help. But regardless of the eventual outcome, you
8、are likely to be at your most stressed during the disaster and your stress levels will decrease afterwards even if they dont return to normal. Your body simply cannot maintain peak levels of anxiety.These are important facts to bear in mind because, from the point of view of the disaster therapist,p
9、sychological debriefing seems to work一stress levels genuinely drop. But what the individual therapist cant see is that this would happen more effectively, leaving less people traumatised, if they did nothing.1.In Paragraph 1, the underlined word “battered” means（ ）.2.In Paragraph 2, “psychological d
10、ebriefing” is close to（ ）.3.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?4.Psychological debriefing was still widely used because（ ）.5.Paragraph 4 indicates that（ ）.6.According to Paragraph 5，we should bear in mind that（ ）.问题1选项A.bruisedB.shockedC.torturedD.destroyed问题2选项A.neurotherapyB.behavior therapyC.p
11、hysical therapyD.psychotherapy问题3选项A.The emergency response did not involve psychological debriefing.B.Mental therapy reduced the incidence of emotional problems.C.Psychological intervention caused more serious emotional problems.D.Psychological intervention was not recommended by the WHO.问题4选项A.it
12、was proved to be highly effective by survivorsB.the WHO reminded people to get assistance from mental health professionalsC.professionals paid a lot of attention to the necessity of psychological interventionD.the majority of survivors developed mental disorders问题5选项A.most survivors will get over tr
13、auma without professional assistanceB.one third of survivors will have mental illnesses after disastersC.it is difficult for survivors to return to normal levels of mental healthD.peak levels of anxiety will lead to mental disorders问题6选项A.psychological debriefing mainly deals with stress levelsB.psy
14、chological debriefing has little effectC.more professional aid should be given to survivorsD.stress levels are the key to mental breakdowns【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A第6题:B【解析】1.词汇推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第一段。句中的battered与traumatised并列修饰survivors,由此可判断，battered和traumatised意义相同，表示“受创伤的”。从而得出本题答案。2.细节推断题。根
15、据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据 “.which involved working with disaster victims to encourage people to supposedly “process”，the intense emotions by talking through them in stages. It was intended to prevent later mental health problems by helping people resolve difficult emotions early on.（参与处理灾难受害者鼓励人们所谓的“过程”,讨论他们的情绪阶段。它的目的是通过帮助人们在早期解决困难的情绪来预防后来的心理健康问题）”即可得出本题答案。3.细节推断题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据 “It specifically denounced a type of psychological therapy and recommended that it shouldnt be used.（它明确谴责了一种心理疗法，并建议不应该使用这种疗法）” “given post-disaster psychological debriefing were subsequently mo
