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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Changeor the ability to adapt oneself to a changing environmentis essential to evolution. The farmer whose land is required for housing or industry must adapt himself. He can move to another place and master the problems peculiar to it; he can change his occ
2、upation, perhaps after a period of training; or he can starve to death. A nation which can not adapt its trade or defense requirements to meet world conditions faces economic or military disaster. Nothing is fixed and permanently stable. There must be movement forward, which is progress of a sort, o
3、r movement backward, which is decay and deterioration.In this context, tradition can be a force for good or for evil. As long as it offers a guide (without insisting that its path is the only one), it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to c
4、hanged circumstances. Tradition, or custom, can guide the hunter as effectively as it can influence the nervous hostess. But if we make an idol (偶像、崇拜)of tradition, it ceases to become a guide and becomes an obstacle lying across the path of change and progress. If we insist on trying to plot the fu
5、ture by the past, we clearly handicap ourselves and invite failure. The better course is to accept the help which tradition can give but, realizing that it necessarily has its roots in the past, to be well aware of its limitations in a changing world.1.The author maintains that if we want to get alo
6、ng with the world( ) .2.The farmers case in Para. 1 is given as an example of( ) .3.“The hunter and the nervous hostess” in Para. 2 are referring to people who( )4.The author warns us that（）5.This passage manly discusses the relationship between（）问题1选项A.industry must be developed at the expense of f
7、armlandB.farmers must try to get some job trainingC.trade and defense are essentialD.change is indispensable问题2选项A.the trend of economic developmentB.the course of human evolutionC.the need of adaptabilityD.the importance of social change问题3选项A.are ignorant and uninformedB.are well aware of customs
8、limitationsC.become an obstacle on the path of progressD.constitute the force for good问题4选项A.it is misleading to accept tradition as a guideB.excessive devotion to tradition may bring us troublesC.we must accept the guidance tradition offers usD.tradition is obstacle lying on the path of change问题5选项
9、A.industry and agricultureB.evil tradition and good traditionC.man and the changing worldD.tradition and change【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据第一段的尾句可知, 作者一直在强调change。所以选项D改变是必不可少的为正确答案。选项A和C在文章中没有提及, 选项D包含了选项B。2.细节事实题。第一段农民的例子是为了说明“The farmer whose land is required for housing or industr
10、y must adapt himself. ”所以选项C正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“ it helps the ignorant and the uninformed to take a step forward, and thereby, to adapt themselves to changed circumstances. ”所以选A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容作者认为传统有好也有坏, 所以选项A和D错误, 选项C中must太绝对, 并不是所有传统的向导都是正确的。选项B过度的推崇传统可能会给我们带来麻烦, 所以选项B正确。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段主要是讲
11、change, 第二段主要是讲tradition, 所以文章主要讨论的是传统和变革的关系。2. 单选题That scientist is not too happy with the project, and（）are her supervisors.问题1选项A.eitherB.neitherC.soD.as【答案】B【解析】句意：那位科学家对这个项目不太满意，她的主管也不太满意。两者都不用neither。3. 单选题According to a growing number of experts, it is already technically（） to construct a pio
12、neering space colony, powered by solar energy.问题1选项A.practicalB.flexibleC.feasibleD.beneficial【答案】C【解析】practical现实的, 实际的；flexible灵活的；feasible可行的；beneficial有好处的。句意：据越来越多的专家表示, 建立首个使用太阳能的太空殖民地在技术方面是可行的。选项C符合句意。4. 单选题Mr. Smith is supposed（）for Italy last week.问题1选项A.to have leftB.having leftC.to leaveD
13、.to be leaving【答案】A【解析】语法题。be supposed to do sth.为固定用法,意为应该做某事,所以首先排除选项B。选项A表示“已经离开”,选项C表示“准备离开”,选项D表示“正在离开”。根据句意：史密斯先生应该上个星期就已经离开去意大利了,选项A符合句意。5. 单选题To say that the child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometim
14、es, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn（4）Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）.If he lacks
15、a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the right（9）. The child looks for a/an（10）There is a second element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）emphatically that this action i
