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1、关于英语那些你不知道的事都在这里大学英语语法总结一. 四六级中虚拟语气用法的总结虚拟语气在英语里主要用来表达： a. 非真实的情景，不可能发生的事，即某种与事实相反或难以实现的情况，或说话人主观愿望。b. 与客观事实相反地情景， 即强制性虚拟语气，表示建议、命令、劝告这一类的意思上，表示强烈的要求做到、必须做到这样的含义。c. 虚拟语气的表达形式是通过动词的变化形式表达的， 其特点是主从句时态的不一致， 而且一般有明显得标志。虚拟语气的考点为：would ratherthat从句一般过去时：It is vital necessary important urgent imperative de
2、sirable advisable natural essentialthat动词原形；It is timeabouttimehightimethat一般过去时：proposalsuggestionthat动词原形；lestthatshould动词原形；if onlythatwould动词原形。If 句型 (共有三种句型) 非真实条件句1. 与现在的事实相反：从句用一般过去时，主句的谓语用would (could, might) 动词原形If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day.2. 与过去的事实相反：从句用过去完成时，主
3、句的谓语用would (could, might) 现在完成时If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got my PhD degree.3. 与将来的事实相反：从句用should (were to，did) + 动词原形，主句的谓语用would (could, might) 动词原形If it should/were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用wasIf I were you
4、, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。If he were here, everything would be all right.如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。虚拟条件句的倒装 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略，再把were, should或had 移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now, they could help us.=If they were here now, they could help us. Had you come earlier, you would
5、have met him=If you had come earlier, you would have met him. Should it rain, the crops would be saved.=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.典型例题_ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. If were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, s
6、hould, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Werent I to do.混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主，从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。例如：条件句动作发生在过去，主句的动作发生在现在)谓语动词要根据表示的时间进行调整。If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rain
7、ed last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).Wish 句型 表达“但愿，要是多好”的语气表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为： 真实状况wish后 从句动作先于主句动词动作现在时过去时（be的过去式为 were） 从句动作与主句动作同时发生过去时过去完成时（had + 过去分词）将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话。
8、I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。Wish to do表达法Wish sb / sth to doI wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)在强制性语气的宾语从句中的运用即表示建议、命令、劝告、决心等主观色彩的动词 + that + (should) + 动词原形， 其中should 经常被省略。这类动
9、词包括：suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require, insist, advise, decree (发布命令；下令), determine, prefer, stipulate, move(动议，规定)，direct(命令)，maintain(坚持)，decide，askI suggest that you (should) not be late again next time.I prefer that you ( should ) not do that. 我认为你还是别干那件事的好。注意一：
10、 以上动词转化为名词(如：suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire, requirement, request, agreement, determination, preference , resolution, indication 等)后接同位语从句或表语从句时，从句要求用虚拟语气，其谓语部分用“(should)+ 动词原形” (should可省略)。例：1998年6月四级第68题 We are all for your proposal that discussion _. a. be put off b.
11、 was put off c. should put off d. is to put off 全句意思是：我们都赞成你的建议，把讨论推迟。答案是A。 We are all for your proposal that the discussion be put off.His demand is that all of us (should) be present at the meeting.注意二：以上这类动词中有时候有的动词的宾语从句不用虚拟语气，必须根据句子的意思来判断。What he said suggested(表明)that he did not agree with us.I
12、t is/was + 形容词 / 过去分词 + that + (should) + 动词原形这些形容词主要表示必要性、重要性、强制性、合适性、义务性，即某人对某事的反应。important, natural, desirable, possible, astonishing, advisable(可取的， 明智的), anxious, appropriate, compulsory(义务的；强制的；强迫的), crucial (至关紧要的), eager, essential, fitting, imperative (命令的， 强制的， 必要的), improper, natural, ne
13、cessary, obligatory (义不容辞的， 必须的), preferable, proper, urgent, vital, willing shocked, requested It was essential that the application forms be sent back before the deadline.It is requested that a vote be taken. 有人提请投票表决。It is necessary that we all should do our best to protect environment around us.
14、注意：表示不可思议、滑稽、不可想象、令人吃惊这样的形容词如amazing, strange, odd, ridiculous, surprising, unthinkable，incredible等后的that从句中should一般不省略，而且翻译为“竟然”， 表示说话人的惊异、懊悔、失望等情感。It is surprising that they should pass the time like that.It is incredible that Jane should have finished her paper so soon.It is strange that there sh
15、ould be any hope of finding the lost child.would rather， would sooner， had rather， would just as soon， would prefer 意为“宁可，但愿”从句用虚拟语气，若表示现在或将来的事情，谓语用过去时；若表示过去的动作，用过去完成时。I would rather that you painted the room green.Id just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.在lest that ， for fear that， in case that 表示“唯恐，以免”引导的表示消极意义的目的主语从句中常用虚拟语气，从句用 should +动词原形。He put his coat over the child for fear (lest )that he should catch cold.He e
