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1、Justice 01Whats the Right Thing to Do?This is a course about justice and we begin with a story.Suppose youre the driver of a trolley car, and yourtrolley car is hurtling down the track at 60 miles an hour.And at the end of the track you notice five workersworking on the track.You try to stop but you
2、 cant, your brakes dont work.You feel desperate because you know that if you crashinto these five workers, they will all die.Lets assume you know that for sure.And so you feel helpless until you notice that thereis, off to the right, a side track and at the end ofthat track, there is one worker work
3、ing on the track.Your steering wheel works, so you can turn the trolleycar, if you want to, onto the side track killing theone but sparing the five.Heres our first question: whats the right thing todo?What would you do? Lets take a poll.Howmany would turn the trolley car onto the side track?Raise yo
4、ur hands.How many wouldnt? How many would go straight ahead?Keep your hands up those of you who would go straight ahead.A handful of people would, the vast majority would turn.Lets hear first, now we need to begin to investigatethe reasons why you think its the right thing to do.Lets begin with thos
5、e in the majority who would turnto go onto the side track. Why would you do it?What would be your reason? Whos willing to volunteera reason?Go ahead. Stand up.Because it cant be right to kill five people when youcan only kill one person instead.It wouldnt be right to kill five if you could kill one
6、person instead.Thats a good reason.Thats a good reason. Who else?Does everybody agree with that reason? Go ahead.Well I was thinking its the same reason on 9/11 withregard to the people who flew the plane into thePennsylvania field as heroes because they chose to kill the people on the plane and not
7、 kill more people in big buildings.So the principle there was the same on 9/11.Its a tragic circumstance but better to kill one sothat five can live, is that the reason most of you had, those of you who would turn? Yes?Lets hear now from those in the minority, those who wouldnt turn. Yes.Well, I thi
8、nk thats the same type of mentality that justifies genocide and totalitarianism.In order to save one type of race, you wipe out the other.So what would you do in this case?You would, to avoid the horrors of genocide, you wouldcrash into the five and kill them?Presumably, yes.You would? -Yeah.Okay. W
9、ho else? Thats a brave answer.Thank you.Lets consider another trolley car case and see whether those of you in the majority want to adhere to theprinciple better that one should die so that five should live.This time youre not the driver of the trolley car,youre an onlooker. Youre standing on a brid
10、ge overlooking a trolley car track.And down the track comes a trolley car, at the end of the track are five workers, the brakes dont work, the trolley car is about to careen into the five and kill them.And now, youre not the driver, you really feel helpless until you notice standing next to you, lea
11、ning over the bridge is a very fat man.And you could give him a shove.He would fall over the bridge onto the track right inthe way of the trolley car. He would die but he would spare the five.Now, how many would push the fat man over the bridge?Raise your hand. How many wouldnt?Most people wouldnt.
12、Heres the obvious question.What became of the principle better to save five lives even if it means sacrificing one?What became of the principle that almost everyone endorsed in the first case?I need to hear from someone who was in the majority in both cases.Howdo you explain the difference between t
13、he two? Yes.The second one, I guess, involves an active choice ofpushing a person down which I guess that person himself would otherwise not have been involved in the situation at all.And so to choose on his behalf, I guess, to involve him in something that he otherwise would have escaped is,I guess
14、, more than what you have in the first case where the three parties, the driver and the two sets of workers, are already, I guess, in the situation.But the guy working, the one on the track off to theside, he didnt choose to sacrifice his life any morethan the fat man did, did he?Thats true, but he
15、was on the tracks and.This guy was on the bridge.Go ahead, you can come back if you want. All right.Its a hard question. You did well. You did very well.Its a hard question.Who else can find a way of reconciling the reaction ofthe majority in these two cases? Yes.Well, I guess in the first case where you have the oneworker and the five, its a choice between those twoand you have to make a certain choice and people aregoing to die because of the trolley car, not necessarily because of your direct actions.The trolley car is a runaway thing and youre makinga split second cho
