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1、2022年考博英语-昆明理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Some of the online services are free, while others（ ） a charge.问题1选项A.carryB.cashierC.coincideD.collect【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项carry“拿，运送，携带”；B选项cashier“开除，解雇”；C选项coincide“同时发生，相符，一致”；D选项collect“收集，收藏，收取”。while表示对比关系，由Some of the online services are free（一些在线服务是免费的）
2、可知其它一些是收费的，因此选D。句意：有些在线服务是免费的，有些则收取费用。2. 翻译题Read the following paragraph carefully and then translate it into Chinese.Physics, as well as pure mathematics, has supplied material for the philosophy of logical analysis. This has occurred especially through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanic
3、s（量子力学）.What is important to the philosopher in the theory of relativity is the substitution of space-time for space and time. Common sense thinks of the physical world as composed of “things” which persist through a certain period of time and move in space. Philosophy and physics developed the noti
4、on of “thing” into that of “material substance,” and thought of material substance as consisting of particles, each very small, and each persisting throughout all time. Einstein substituted events（事素）for particles; each event had to each other a relation called “interval,” which could be analyzed in
5、 various ways into a time element and a space-element. The choice between these various ways was arbitrary（任意的）, and no one of them was theoretically preferable to any other.【答案】物理学和纯数学为逻辑分析哲学提供了材料。这一点尤其是通过相对论和量子力学体现出来。在相对论中，对哲学家来说，重要的是用时空代替时间和空间。常识认为物质世界是由“东西”组成的，这些“东西”在一定时间内持续存在，并在空间中运动。哲学和物理学把“东西
6、”的概念发展成“物质实体”的概念，并把物质实体看作是由粒子组成的，每个粒子都很小，而且每个粒子始终存在。爱因斯坦用事素代替粒子；每个事素与其他事素之间都有一种叫作“间隔”的关系，可以用不同的方式把这种关系分析成一个时间元素和一个空间元素。在这些不同的方法之间的选择是任意的，理论上没有哪一种方法比任何其他方法更可取。3. 单选题I decide to go to the cinema as soon as I（ ）.问题1选项A.finish what I didB.would finish what I was doingC.finished what I didD.finished what
7、 I was doing【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态。“as soon as”引导的为时间状语从句，由主句的谓语动词decide可知主句为一般现在时，根据主从句时态呼应，即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时，因此选A。句意：我决定一完成我所做的事情就去看电影。4. 单选题Plastics are the best insulator of electricity, rubber（ ）it closely.问题1选项A.followingB.followedC.to followD.being followed【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的不定式表示将来或目的，过去分词表示被动，现在
8、分词表示主动。句中的it指代plastic，此处表示rubber紧跟plastic后面，为主动关系，因此选A。句意：塑料是最好的绝缘材料，橡胶紧随其后。5. 单选题Speaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more funda
9、mental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia（痴呆）in old age.This view of bilingualism is remarkably
10、 different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a childs academic and intellectual development.They were not wrong about the inter
11、ference: there is ample evidence that in a bilinguals brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs（痴呆）the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isnt so much a handicap as a blessing in disg
12、uise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brains so-called executive function. A command system directs the attenti
13、on processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mindlike remembering a sequence of directio
14、ns while driving.Why does the tussle（搏斗）between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed（磨炼）by the exercise of suppressing one language sy
15、stem: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, li
16、ke threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite oftenyou may talk to your father in one language and to your mother
