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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Translate the following passage into ChineseI believe that every human being has a talent-something that he can be better than anyone else. And I believe that the distinction between so-called “creative” talents and ordinary run-of-the-mill talents is an unnec
2、essary and man-made distinction. I have known exterminators, typists, waitresses and machinists whose creative joy and self-fulfillment in their work could not by surpassed by Shakespeares or EinsteinsI also believe that in the process of searching, no experience is ever wasted, unless we allow ours
3、elves to run out of hope. In my own case I had 34 different jobs before I found the right one. Many of these jobs were heartbreakingly difficult. A few of them involved working with unscrupulous and horribly unpleasant people, yet, in looking back, I can see that the most unpleasant of these jobs, i
4、n many cases, give me the biggest dividendsthe most valuable preparation for my proper life work.【答案】我认为，每个人都会在某一方面比别人更有天赋。我认为没有必要去区分所谓的“创造性”天赋和普通天赋，这些不过是认为的区分。我认识的杀虫员、打字员、女服务员、机械师，他们在工作中所创造的快乐和满足感是莎士比亚和爱因斯坦都无法超越的。我也相信在探索的过程中，任何经历都不会被浪费，除非我们允许自己放弃希望。就我自己而言，在找到合适的那份工作之前，我尝试过34份工作，其中一些工作特别艰难。少数几份工作需要和
5、一些难以相处的人共事，但是回过头来我发现那些令人最难堪的工作给了我最丰厚的报酬成为我正确事业生涯的最有价值的准备。2. 单选题The （ ）of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.问题1选项A.essenceB.contentC.textureD.threshold【答案】A【解析】考察名词词义辨析。 Essence “实质”； content “内容”； texture “质地， 构造”； threshold “开始，入口,门槛”。句意：科学态度的实
6、质就是人类可以成功地认识了解整个宇宙。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to
7、 four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.Even with an ordinal microscop
8、y, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking hairs called flagell
9、a. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanismFrom the bacterial point of view, the world is a very di
10、fferent place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around themBacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is b
11、ecause they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1.Which o
12、f the following is the main topic of the passage?2.Bacteria are measured in （ ）.3.Which of the following is the smallest?4.According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see（ ）.5.The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is
13、most nearly analogous to which of the following?问题1选项A.The characteristics of bacteriaB.How bacteria reproduceC.The various functions of bacteriaD.How bacteria contribute to disease问题2选项A.InchesB.CentimetersC.MicronsD.millimeters问题3选项A.A pinheadB.A rounded bacteriumC.A microscopeD.A rod-shaped bacte
14、rium问题4选项A.tiny dotsB.small hairs”C.large rodsD.detailed structures问题5选项A.A rider jumping on a horses backB.A ball being hit by a batC.A boat powered by a motorD.A door closed by a gust of wind.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.文章主要介绍了细菌“小”的这个特点 （Bacteria are extremely small living things）。选项A符合题意。
15、2.文章第一段第二句While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns提到细菌是用microns “微米”来测量的。选项C符合题意。3.文章第一段提到一个针头大约1000微米，杆状细菌（rod-shaped bacterium） 大概是2-4微米，球状细菌（rounded bacterium）直径是一微米。选项B符合题意。4.文章第二段第一句Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots提到一颗细菌在显微镜下几乎都是极细的现状或者微小的点。选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段作者对鞭毛和细菌的关系进行了描述：一颗颗细菌附着在鞭毛上，只有鞭毛旋转了，细菌才能跟着在水中运动。这样的关系跟马与骑手的关系很像。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题
