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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题At Buffalo Creek, West Virginia, a makeshift dam at a coal mine site collapsed with a loss of more than 100 lives.问题1选项A.fragileB.massiveC.crudeD.temporary【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. fragile 易碎的，易损的 B. massive 巨大的，大而重的C. crude 粗略的，简略的 D. temporary 暂时的，临时的【答案】D【考查点】形
2、容词辨析。【解题思路】makeshift的意思为“临时替代的，权宜的”，用来形容dam，指的是煤矿工地的临时大坝，temporary与之词义相近，因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项词义与之不符。【句意】在西弗吉尼亚州的布法罗溪，某个煤矿工地的临时大坝倒塌，造成100多人死亡。2. 单选题When imaginative men turn their eyes towards space and wonder whether life exists in any part of it, they may cheer themselves by remembering that life
3、 need not resemble closely the life that exists on Earth. Mars looks like the only planet where life like ours could exist, and even this is doubtful. But there may be other kinds of life based on other kinds of chemistry, and they may multiply on Venus or Jupiter. At least we cannot prove at presen
4、t that they do not.Even more interesting is the possibility that life on their planets may be in a more advanced stage of evolution. Present-day man is in a peculiar and probably temporary stage. His individual units retain a strong sense of personality. They are, in fact, still capable under favora
5、ble circumstances of leading individual lives. But mans societies are already sufficiently developed to have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals have.It is not likely that this transitional situation will continue very long on the evolutionary time scale. Fifty thousand year
6、s from now mans societies may have become so close-knit that the individuals retain no sense of separate personality. Then little distinction will remain between the organic parts of the multiple organism and the inorganic parts (machines) that have been constructed by it. A million years further on
7、 man and his machines may have emerged as closely as the muscles of the human body and the nerve cells that set them in motion.The explorers of space should be prepared for some such situation. If they arrive on a foreign planet that has reached an advanced stage (and this is by no means impossible)
8、, they may find it being inhabited by a single large organism composed of many closely cooperating units.The units may be “secondary”machines created millions of years ago by a previous form of life and given the will and ability to survive and reproduce. They may be built entirely of metals and oth
9、er durable materials. If this is the case, they may be much more tolerant of their environment, multiplying under conditions that would destroy immediately any organism made of carbon compounds and dependent on the familiar carbon cycle.Such creatures might be relics of a past a past age, many milli
10、ons of years ago, when their planet was favorable to the origin of life, or they might be immigrants from a favored planet.1. Humans on Earth today are characterized by _.2. According to the passage, some people believe that eventually _.3. Even most imaginative people have to admit that _.4. It see
11、ms that the writer _.问题1选项A.their existences as free and separate beingsB.their capability of living under favorable conditionsC.their great power and effectivenessD.their strong desire for living in a close-knit society问题2选项A.human societies will be much more cooperativeB.man will live in a highly
12、organized worldC.machines will replace manD.living beings will disappear from Earth问题3选项A.human societies are as advanced as those on some other planetsB.planets other than Earth are not suitable for life like ours to stayC.it is difficult to distinguish between organic parts and inorganic parts of
13、the human bodyD.organism are more creative than machines问题4选项A.is interested in the imaginary life formsB.is eager to find a different form of lifeC.is certain of the existence of a new life formD.is critical of the imaginative people【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】Humans on Earth today are ch
14、aracterized by _. 地球上的人类如今的特征是_。A. their existences as free and separate beings A. 他们作为自由和独立的存在而存在B. their capability of living under favorable conditions B. 他们有能力在有利的环境中生活C. their great power and effectiveness C. 他们拥有强大的力量和效力D. their strong desire for living in a close-knit society D. 他们渴望生活在一个紧密联系
15、的社会里【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干中信息词today are characterized定位到第二段第二句，该处讲到“当今人类（Present-day man）正处于一个特殊的、也许是暂时的阶段。”，结合该段第三句“人的个体单位保留着强烈的个性意识（retain a strong sense of personality）。”，以及第三段第二句“从现在起的五万年里以至于每个人都失去了独立的个性（retain no sense of separate personality）。”可知如今人类的个性和个体特性非常明显，因此A选项正确。【干扰项排除】B选项“他们有能力在有利的环境中生活”：对应第二段倒数第二句“事实上，在有利的环境下，他们仍然有能力（still capable）过自己的生活。”，可知在以前，人类也有能力在有利的环境中生活，这不是只有在现在才有的特点，属于偷换概念；C选项“他们强大的力量和效力”：对应第二段最后一句“但是人类社会（societies）已经足够发达，拥有比个人更大的力量和效力（have enormously more power and effectiveness than the individuals）。”，可知拥
