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1、2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose
2、for which they were set up.Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legi
3、slation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their “clients”. By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with w
4、hom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise t
5、he question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational” we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers”. If teachers are seen as part of this
6、 community, then their development is just as important.If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an o
7、penness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to ano
8、ther.1.According to the author, criticism of schools arises from （ ）.2.The “school community”( Line 3, Para. 4) the author refers to would probably include （ ）.3.The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because （ ） .4.According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in educ
9、ation arise from the fact that （ ）.5.The “charge of relativism” mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show （ ）.问题1选项A.concerns that schools deliberately neglect studentsB.the high cost of education due to bureaucracyC.a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD.a misunderstanding of
10、 schools officials问题2选项A.studentsB.students and parentsC.students, parents and teachersD.teachers and students问题3选项A.schools have no real clientsB.they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC.schools are totally different from the free marketD.they have no solid purpose in thei
11、r aims问题4选项A.they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB.their values are too subjectiveC.their values are too different from those within an educational contextD.the educational context is not a free market问题5选项A.the values are too narrow-mindedB.the values are not specific
12、enoughC.the values are too self-servingD.the values are not strongly held【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节推断题。根据第一段的内容可知，有人认为，学校变得官僚化，忽视他们成立的目的。选项C符合原文。选项B中的教育成本高在文中没有提及，所以不正确。2.语义题。根据第四段的内容可知，school community包括consumers和teachers。再根据第二段的内容可知，school community还包括students和parents，也就是consumers，所以选项C
13、正确。3.细节事实题。根据第四段倒数第二句“free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers”.”自由市场理论可能只关注“消费者”这一部分而没有切中要害。而这个要害即下文提到的“teachers”, 所以选项B符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据最后一段最后一句，尽管自由市场理论认为个人应该被允许追求自己的目标，但它们必须解释为什么任何一套价值观，包括他们自己的价值观，都比另一套更可取。也就是说，自由市场理论没有解释为什么自己的价值观比别人的好。选项A符合原文。5.语义题
14、。原文最后一段最后一句即是对“charge of relativism”的解释。由此可以看出，自由市场理论的价值观太自私，所以选项C正确。2. 单选题（ ） the heavy pollution, the city officials have decided to cancel school for the day.问题1选项A.PriorB.By means ofC.Due toD.Through【答案】C【解析】prior在前的，优先的；by means of依靠；due to由于；through从头到尾，彻底。句意：由于污染严重，市政官员已决定停课一天。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题G
15、lobalization is a phenomenon and a revolution. It is sweeping the world with increasing speed and changing the global landscape into something new and different. Yet, like all such trends, its meaning, development, and impact puzzle many. We talk about globalization and experience its effects, but few of us really understand the forces that are at work in the global political economy.When people use their cell phones, log onto the Internet, view events from around the world on live television, and experience varying cultures in their own backyards, they begin to believe
