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1、2022年考博英语-西北工业大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Hand in hand with the recent spectacular advances in radio technology, there has been a dramatic increase in the scientific and public respectability of the entire subject of extraterrestrial life. A clear sign of t
2、he new attitude is the Viking missions to Mars which are to a significant extent dedicated to the search for life on another planet. But along with the burgeoning dedication to a serious search, a slightly negative note has emerged which is nevertheless very interesting. A few scientists have lately
3、 asked a curious question: if extraterrestrial intelligence is abundant why have we not already seen its manifestations? Think of the advances by our own technological civilization in the past ten thousand years and imagine such advances continued over millions or billions of years more. If only a t
4、iny fraction of advanced civilizations are millions or billions of years more advanced than ours, why have they not produced artifacts devices or even industrial pollution of such magnitude that we would have detected it?【答案】随着无线电技术的突飞猛进，科学界和公众对外太空生物这一个课题的认识有了极大的提高。这种新态度明显的标志事件就是向火星发射“海盗”号火星探测器。这些发射
5、在很大程度上是致力于去寻找其他星球上的生物。但是随着对这项研究的不断投入，出现了一些带否定意味但是很有趣的声音。近来少数科学家提出了一个奇怪的疑问：如果外太空生物多的话为什么我们没有看到任何相关迹象？想想我们在过去一万年里科技文明的进步。再设想一下，这些进步将持续数百万甚至十亿年的时间。如果有某个地方的文明比我们的文明先进数百万年或者数十亿年，他们为什么不能生产出一些物件，器械装置和我们本应该检测到的大量的工业污染？2. 单选题The extra cost of travelling to work is（ ） by the lower price of houses here.问题1选项A.
6、compensatedB.mendedC.offsetD.covered【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。compensate “补偿”；mend “修改”；offset “抵消，补偿”；cover “掩蔽，遮盖”。句意：这些廉价的房价抵消了那些去远处上班的费用。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题After scrutinizing the Stern Hitler Diaries, handwriting experts proclaimed them to be forgeries.问题1选项A.examiningB.judgingC.protractingD.detecting【答案】A【解
7、析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过希特勒日记，字迹专家宣布这些日记是伪造的。examine “（仔细地）检查”；judge “判断”；protract “延长；绘制”；detect “发现，察觉”。字迹专家只有通过认真检查才能知晓这个日记是伪造的，因此可知划线单词scrutinize的意思是“详细检查”，选项A符合题意。4. 单选题The proposal was accepted with（ ）approval. Everybody believed it would help revive the national economy.问题1选项A.unanimousB.doubtfulC.pl
8、easantD.searching【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。unanimous “意见一致的”；doubtful “令人生疑的；可疑的”；pleasant “令人愉快的；舒适的”；searching “搜索的；彻查的”。句意：毫无异议地，这项提议被通过。所有人都认为它能振兴国家经济。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题During the terrorist attacks, the authorities ordered to（ ）the workers and residents of high-profile buildings from the constructions.问题1选
9、项A.evictB.evokeC.evacuateD.evade【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。evict “驱逐；逐出；evoke “唤起；引起”；evacuate “疏散； 撤退；排泄”；evade “逃避；逃脱”。句意：恐怖袭击期间，政府要求疏散建筑物中引人注目的楼房中的工人和居民。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题The chief editor thought he took some liberties with the original in translation. So it was necessary that he make the（ ）suggested.问题1选项A.a
10、lterationsB.alternativesC.alternationsD.altercations【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。alteration “修改；改变；变更”；alternative “二中择一”；alternation “交替，轮流”；altercation “争吵，吵架”。句意：主编认为他的译文对原文做了些改动。所以他有必要针对这些建议进行修改。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题Peter became angry and said that （ ）.问题1选项A.he was tried to listen to themB.the listening to them
11、was tired for himC.he was tiring listening to themD.he was tired of listening to them【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。be tired of doing sth. “厌烦做某事”。句意：皮特很生气，说他很讨厌听他们讲话。选项D符合题意。8. 单选题Revolutions are often caused when the legitimacy of a government is questioned by the people.问题1选项A.validityB.effectivenessC.bureaucra
12、cyD.prejudice【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当政府的受到人民的质疑时，革命事件就会爆发。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy “官僚主义；prejudice “偏见”。根据“of a government”可以推测出划线单词的意思是“合法性”，选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Although Guthman was a（ ）of several campaigns, he had never seen action on the front lines.问题1选项A.veteranB.volunteerC.
13、victimD.villain【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。veteran “老兵；富有经验的人”；volunteer “志愿者；志愿兵”；victim “受害人；牺牲者”；villain “坏人；罪犯”。句意：尽管古斯曼是参加过几场战役的老兵，但是她从来没有见过前线的场景。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题As ordinary people, scientists are by no means more honest or（ ）than other people, but as scientist, they attach special value to honest while t
14、hey are in their working sphere.问题1选项A.ethicalB.ethnicC.aestheticD.esthetic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ethical“道德的，伦理的”；ethnic“民族的，种族的”；aesthetic “审美的，美学的”；esthetic “审美的”。句意：科学家作为普通人，没有办法比其他人更诚实或者品德高尚；但是作为科学家，他们在工作领域中更加重视诚实。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题She was delirious last night, but she seems quite lucid this morning.问
15、题1选项A.rationalB.peacefulC.patientD.insane【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她昨天晚上神志不清，但是今天早上看起来十分。rational “理智的；清醒的”；peaceful “安静的，平静的”；patient “有耐心的”；insane “精神失常的”。根据“but”这个转折连词可知后半句与前半句的意思是相反的，所以划线单词lucid的意思是“清醒的”，选项A符合题意。12. 单选题Mr. Jenkins drove along at his usual high speed（ ）for police cars in his mirror from time to tim
