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1、独创性声明本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢之处外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为获得 天津大学 或其他教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。学位论文作者签名：签字日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解 天津大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定。特授权 天津大学 可以将学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，并采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存、汇编以供查阅和借阅。同意学校向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复
2、印件和磁盘。（保密的学位论文在解密后适用本授权说明）学位论文作者签名：导师签名：签字日期：年月日签字日期：年月日摘 要磁致伸缩直线位移传感器是利用磁致伸缩材料的磁致伸缩效应及其逆效应实现位移测量的一种非接触式绝对位移传感器。它有非接触、精度高、重复性好、稳定性可靠、环境适应能力强、成本适中等众多优点。它被广泛应用于石油、化工、水利、饮料、航空、船舶等行业的各种罐储的液位测量系统中，另外在机床、液压控制等位移测量中也有广泛应用。本文首先介绍了磁致伸缩直线位移传感器的测量原理。然后对传感器中的运用到的关键技术进行了原理的分析和实现的优化。在激励脉冲发生装置的设计中，提出了一种低成本、低功耗同时又兼
3、顾脉冲质量的实现方案，特别是把脉冲的幅值提高到了 60V。在回波信号拾取装置的设计中，先通过理论分析得出了影响拾取信号的因素，然后实验进一步确定了其中关键的参数。在计时装置的设计中，提出了一种简单同时又满足精度要求的计时方案。在功能模块设计中，多种接口的信号输出，使传感器的应用场合更广泛、通信更方便。在软件设计中，对传统的前后台系统进行了改进，提出一种在 8 位处理器上实现捕获消息多任务处理的软件架构，使得系统更简洁、可靠。在传感器标定实验中，上位机 PC 采用LABVIEW 语言设计了友好、方便的操作流程，并分析了传感器的静态特性。实验分析结果得到传感器的线性度为 0.002184% ，迟滞
4、为 0.0014875% ，重复性为 0.003% ，这些静态指标均能达到了设计的要求，同时传感器又具有低成本、低功耗、多接口等优点。关键词： 磁致伸缩 位移 液位传感器 激励脉冲 检测线圈ABSTRACTA magnetostrictive linear position sensor is a kind of non-contact absolutedisplacement sensor measuring displacement by methods of magnetostrictivematerials magnetostrictive effect and its inverse
5、 effect. It has a lot ofadvantages, such as non-contact, high accuracy, good repeatability, stabilityand reliable, strong environmental adaptation ability, the moderate cost, andso on. Therefore, it is widely used in various liquid level measurement systemsof tank storage in many industries such as
6、petroleum, chemical industry, waterconservancy, beverage, aviation, shipping, etc. In addition, magnetostrictivelinear position sensors have had wide application in the displacement measurement of machine tools and hydraulic control.This paper introduces the measurement principle of magnetostriction
7、 lineardisplacement sensors in first. Then the key technologies in the application ofsensors are carried through principle analysis and optimization realization. Inthe design of pulse excitation generator, a implementation scheme is putforward, which has a low cost, low power consumption as well as
8、good impulsequality. And the pulse amplitude increases to 60 v. In the design of echo signalpick-up device, firstly the influence factors of pick-up signals are obtainedthrough the theory analysis, and then a series of experiments furthermoreconfirm key parameters. In the design of the timing device
9、, this paper putsforward a simple timing plan which satisfies the accuracy requirement at thesame time. In the function module design, outputs of a variety of interfacesignals make the sensors applications more extensive and the communicationmoreconvenient.Inthesoftwaredesign,thetraditionalforegroun
10、d-background systems are improved, and a kind of softwarearchitecture is put forward that can realize message capture and multitaskingin a 8-bit processor, making the system more concise and reliable. In thesensor calibration experiment, a friendly and convenient operating process isdesigned using L
11、ABVIEW language in the upper computer, and staticcharacteristics of the sensor are analyzed.Experimental analysis results show that the sensors linearity is0.002184% , hysteresis is 0.0014875% , repeatability is 0.003% that all thestatic characteristics of the sensor can meet the design requirements
12、. And thesensor has the advantages of low cost, low power consumption andmulti-interface and so on.KEY WORDS： magnetostrictive, displacement, Liquid Level Sensor, pulsedexcitation，coil目录目录 .4第一章 绪论 .11.1 研究背景 .11.2 磁致伸缩液位传感器国内外研究现状 .41.2.1 磁致伸缩材料的国内外研究及应用状况 .41.2.2 磁致伸缩传感器的国内外研究及应用状况 .51.3 本文的研究目的和内容 .6第二章 磁致伸缩位移传感器的工作原理 .82.1 磁致伸缩效应概述 .82.1.1 磁致伸缩效应 .
