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1、2022年考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题His violent behavior sometimes is _ his personality of shyness and self-consciousness.问题1选项A.on condition ofB.in line withC.at odds withD.in disguise of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on condition of“只要”；B选项in line with“符合”；C选项at odds with“与不一致”；D选项in disguise of“托辞，假扮成，
2、打着的幌子”。句意：他的暴力行为有时_他的个性的害羞和自觉意识。根据语境，这里指他的暴力行为不会让人想到他会害羞，所以at odds with“与不一致”符合题意。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题_ that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates per unit of tissue decrease, and they generally live longer.问题1选项A.The truthB.It is trueC.If trueD.To be true【答案】B【解析】考查固定句型。句意：的确，随着鸟
3、类和哺乳动物的体型变大，它们每单位组织的代谢率会下降，它们通常会活得更长。It is/was+adj.+that是强调句型，It作形式主语，真正主语是that后面的内容，B选项It is true符合题意。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题We have been hearing _ accounts of your work.问题1选项A.favoredB.favorableC.favoriteD.favoring【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项favored“受惠的；受到优待的”；B选项favorable“赞许的；起促进作用的”；C选项favorite“最喜欢的”；D选项favoring
4、“有帮助的”。句意：我们一直听到对你工作的_评价。accounts“表现好或不好”搭配favorable“赞许的”比较合理，在这里指对工作的好评。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题“HELL is a city much like London,” opined Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1819. Modern academics agree. Last year Dutch researchers showed that city dwellers have a 21% higher risk of developing anxiety disorders than do
5、their calmer rural countrymen, and a 39% higher risk of developing mood disorders. But exactly how the inner workings of the urban and rural minds cause this difference has remained obscureuntil now. A study just published in Nature by Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg of the University of Heidelberg and his
6、 colleagues has used a scanning technique called functional magnetic-resonance imaging (FMRI) to examine the brains of city dwellers and country bumpkins when they are under stress.In Dr. Meyer-Lindenbergs first experiment, participants lying with their heads in a scanner took maths tests that they
7、were doomed to fail (the researchers had designed success rates to be just 25%-40%). To make the experience still more humiliating, the team provided negative feedback through headphones, all the while checking participants for indications of stress, such as high blood pressure.The urbanites general
8、 mental health did not differ from that of their provincial counterparts. However, their brains dealt with the stress imposed by the experimenters in different ways. These differences were noticeable in two regions: the amygdalas and the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex (PACC). The amygdalas are
9、 a pair of structures, one in each cerebral hemisphere, that are found deep inside the brain and are responsible for assessing threats and generating the emotion of fear. The PACC is part of the cerebral cortex (again, found in both hemispheres) that regulates the amygdalas.People living in the coun
10、tryside had the lowest levels of activity in their amygdalas. Those living in towns had higher levels. City dwellers had the highest. Not that surprising, to those of a Shelleyesque disposition. In the case of the PACC, however, what mattered was not where someone was living now, but where he or she
11、 was brought up. The more urban a persons childhood, the more active his PACC, regardless of where he was dwelling at the time of the experiment.The amygdalas thus seem to respond to the here-and-now whereas the PACC is programmed early on, and does not react in the same, flexible way as the amygdal
12、as. Second-to-second changes in its activity might, though, be expected to be correlated with changes in the amygdalas, because of its role in regulating them. FMRI allows such correlations to be measured.In the cases of those brought up in the countryside, regardless of where they now live, the cor
13、relations were as expected. For those brought up in cities, however, these correlations broke down. The regulatory mechanism of the native urbanite, in other words, seems to be out of kilter. Further evidence, then, for Shelleys point of view. Moreover, it is also known that the PACC-amygdala link i
14、s often out of kilter in schizophrenia, and that schizophrenia is more common among city dwellers than country folk. Dr. Meyer-Lindenberg is careful not to claim that his results show the cause of this connection. But they might.Dr. Meyer-Lindenberg and his team conducted several subsequent experime
15、nts to check their findings. They asked participants to complete more maths testsand also tests in which they mentally rotated an objectwhile investigators chided them about their performance. The results matched those of the first test. They also studied another group of volunteers, who were given
16、stress-free tasks to complete. These experiments showed no activity in either the amygdalas or the PACC, suggesting that the earlier results were indeed the result of social stress rather than mental exertion.As is usually the case in studies of this sort, the sample size was small (and therefore not as rob
