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1、Semantic Figures of Speech (语义类修辞格)Simile/ Metaphor/ Metonymy/ Synecdoche/ Antonomasia/ Personification/ Parody/ Synesthesia/ Transferred epithetSimileSimile: Figure of speech in which two things that share at least one attribute are explicitly associated with each other; an overt comparison between
2、 two unlike things as though they were similar - usually with the words like or as.A simile is a figure of speech that says that one thing is like another different thing. We can use similes to make descriptions more emphatic or vivid. We often use the words as.as and like with similes.(is) AS adjec
3、tive ASHis skin was as cold as ice.It felt as hard as rock.She looked as gentle as a lamb.(is) LIKE somethingMy love is like a red, red rose.These cookies taste like garbage.He had a temper (that was) like a volcano.(does) LIKE somethingHe eats like a pig.He smokes like a chimney.They fought like ca
4、ts and dogs.(is) as adjective asas blind as a batas cold as iceas flat as a pancakeas gentle as a lambas light as a featheras old as the hillsas sharp as a knifeas strong as a bullas white as snowas wise as an owlas black as coal/pitchas plain as dayas smooth as silk as good as gold as brave as a li
5、on as busy as a bee as clear as crystal as cool as a cucumber as cunning as a foxas deaf as post as strong as an ox as stubborn as a mule as timid as a rabbit as slippery as an eel as proud as a peacock as poor as a church mouse as happy as a larkpossible meaning(is) like something(depending on cont
6、ext)like a rose like a volcano like garbage like an animal like spaghetti like dewdrops like golddust like a dream like stars(does) like something to drink like a fish to eat like a bird to eat like a horse to eat like a pig to fight like cats and dogs to sing like an angel to sleep like a log to sm
7、oke like a chimney to soar like an eaglebeautiful explosive disgusting inhuman entangled sweet and pure precious wonderful, incredible bright and beautiful meaningto drink a lot to eat very little to eat a lotto eat impolitelyto fight fiercelyto sing beautifullyto sleep well and soundlyto smoke heav
8、ily, all the timeto fly high and freeA Republic whose history, like the path of the just, is as the shining light that shineth more and more unto the perfect day.- William Jennings BryanBut His strong love stands like a granite rock unmoved by the hurricanes of our inequity.People in the streets see
9、 it now. Theyre running towards the East River - thousands of them dropping in like rats. Now the smokes spreading faster. Its reached Times Square. People are trying to run away from it, but its no use. Theyre falling like flies.Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong. (slogan of P
10、an-American Coffee Bureau)Charging a man with murder in this place was like handing out speeding tickets at the Indy 500. I took the mission. What the hell else was I gonna do?“Playing chess with Ashley is like trying to outsmart a computer.(The activity “playing chess with Ashley” is being compared
11、 to “trying to outsmart a computer.” The point is that Ashley can think in a powerful manner that resembles the way a computer operates, not that she is like a computer in any other way.)His temper was as explosive as a volcano.(His temper is being compared to a volcano in that it can be sudden and
12、violent.) Mary frowned and said, “I believe that taking drugs is like playing with fire.” “Life is like an onion: You peel it off one layer at a time, and sometimes you weep.” (Carl Sandburg) Its been a hard days night, and Ive been working like a dog.(The Beatles)MetaphorMetaphor: Figure of speech
13、occurring when a comparison made by speaking of one thing in terms of another; an implied comparison between two different things which share at least one attribute in common; an association between two unlike things (A vs. B) achieved by borrowing the language that refers to thing A and applying it
14、 to thing B. (not to be confused with simile) eye of a needle, mouth of a volcano, bottle-neck, head of department, arm of a chair, the foot of the mountain, footnoteThe following are from “I Have a Dream”: flames of withering injustice long night of captivity manacles of segregation chains of discr
15、imination long island of poverty vast sea of material prosperity tranquilizing drug of gradualismsunlit path of racial justice quicksands of racial injustice solid rock of brotherhood storms of persecution winds of police brutality heat of injustice and oppression oasis of freedom and justice mounta
16、in of despair a flood of tears/people/words/imports shower of rain/praise/watera storm of abuse/opportunity/doubt/applause a sea of people/smiling faces rain of bullets/bombs/blessings a heart of stone (from Rebecca) a light in a sea of darkness apple of my eye/milk in my coffee a laugh in a sea of sadnessrry*Time is money. He has the he
