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1、2022年考博英语-华东交通大学考前模拟强化练习题（附答案详解）1. 单选题Some educators try to put students of similar abilities into the same class because they believe this kind of（ ）grouping is advisable.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.instantaneousC.spontaneousD.anonymous【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项homogeneous“同性质的”；B选项instantaneous“瞬间的”；C选项sponta
2、neous“无意识的”；D选项anonymous“匿名的”。句意：有些教育工作者试图把能力相似的学生分到同一个班级，因为他们认为这种同质的分组是可取的。本句表示把能力相似的学生分到一个班是一种同质性的分组。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题The indomitable spirit displayed by athletes embodies the new look of this nation.问题1选项A.specificB.unsubduableC.determinedD.industrious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项specific“特定的”；B选项unsubduab
3、le“不屈不挠的”；C选项determined“坚决的”；D选项industrious“勤勉的”。句意：运动员们不屈不挠的精神体现了这个国家的新面貌。划线部分indomitable是不屈不挠的意思。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Modern liberal opinion is sensitive to problems of restriction of freedom and abuse of power. Indeed, many hold that a man can be injured only by violating his will, but this view is much
4、 too narrow. It fails to recognize the great dangers we shall face in the uses of biomedical technology that stem from an excess of freedom, from the unrestrained exercise of will. In my view, our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization, as the unintended yet
5、often inescapable consequence of sternly and successfully pursuing our humanization goals.Certain desires and perfected medical technologies have already had some dehumanizing consequences. Improved methods of resuscitation (复苏) efforts to save the severely ill and injured. Yet these efforts are som
6、etimes only partly successful. They succeed in rescuing individuals but those individuals may have severe brain damage and be capable of only a less-than-human, vegetating existence. Such patients found with increasing frequency in the intensive care units of university hospitals, have been denied a
7、 death with dignity. Families are forced to suffer seeing their beloved ones so reduced and are made to bear the burden of a prolonged “death watch”.Even the ordinary methods of treating disease and prolonging life have changed the context in which men die. Fewer and fewer people die in the familiar
8、 surroundings of home or in the company of family and friends. At that time of life when there is perhaps the greatest need for human warmth and comfort, the dying patient is kept company by cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, respirators aspirators, oxygenators, catheters and his intravenous dri
9、p. Ties to the community of men are replaced by attachments to an assemblage of machines.This loneliness, however, is not confined to the dying patient in the hospital bed. Consider the increasing number of old people still alive thanks to medical progress. As a group, the elderly are the most alien
10、ated members of our society. Not yet ready for the world of the dead, not deemed fit for the world of the living, they are shunted aside. More and more of them spend for the extra years medicine has given them in “homes for senior citizens”, in hospitals for chronic diseases, and in nursing home wai
11、ting for the end. We have learned how to increase their years, but we have not learned how to help them enjoy their days. Yet we continue to bravely and sternly push back the frontier against death.1. What is the main point of the passage?2.According to the author, biomedical technology（ ）.3.Which o
12、f the following is not true according to paragraph 2?4.By saying “they are shunted aside” (lines 3, para. 4), the author means（ ）.问题1选项A.The problem of restriction of freedom.B.The possible dehumanizing consequence of medical technology.C.The development of biomedical technology.D.The significance o
13、f prolonging humans life.问题2选项A.results in an excessive use of freedomsB.brings little benefits to human beingsC.should not be applied in medical treatmentD.might cause grave negative consequences in its application问题3选项A.Improved medical technology can save extremely severe patient.B.Some patients,
14、 though saved, can no longer lead a normal human life.C.Families often suffer when some patients maintain a vegetating existence.D.To a patient, survival is always better than death.问题4选项A.they are all sent to homes for senior citizensB.they are completely isolated from the outside worldC.they are t
15、reated with extreme indifferenceD.they are shut from their families【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头说到our greatest problems will be voluntary self-degradation, or willing dehumanization（我们最大的问题将是自愿的自我退化，或自愿的非人性化），接下来介绍了医疗技术的发展产生的一些非人性化后果，可知文章的主题是医疗技术造成的非人性化。因此B选项“医疗技术可能造成的非人性化后果”最符合文章主旨。A选项“限制自由的问题”，文章提到这些危险源于过度的自由，可知不是限制自由的问题，所以A错误。C选项“生物医学技术的发展”只说了技术发展的一方面，没有说它带来的后果，所以C错误。D选项“延长人类生命的意义”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三句It fails to recognize the great dangers we shall face in the uses of biomedical technology（它没有意识到我们在使用生物医学技术时将面临的巨大危险），说明生物医学技术可能在使用中产生危险的后果。因此D选项“可能在其
