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1、2022年考博英语-华中科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Since World War II considerable advances have been made in the area of health-care services. These include better access to health care (particularly for the poor and minorities), improvements in physical plants, and increased numbers of physicians and other he
2、alth personnel. All have played a part in the recent improvement in life expectancy. But there is mounting criticism of the large remaining gaps in access, unbridled cost inflation, the further fragmentation of service, excessive indulgence in wasteful high-technology “gadgeteering,” and a breakdown
3、 in doctor-patient relationships. In recent years proposed panaceas and new programs, small and large, have proliferated at a feverish pace and disappointments multiply at almost the same rate. This has led to an increased pessimism“everything has been tried and nothing works”which sometimes borders
4、 on cynicism or even nihilism.It is true that the automatic “pass through” of rapidly spiraling costs to government and insurance carriers, which was set in a publicized environment of “the richest nation in the world,” produced for a time a sense of unlimited resources and allowed to develop a mood
5、 whereby every practitioner and institution could “do his own thing” without undue concern for the “Medical Commons.” The practice of full-cost reimbursement encouraged capital investment and now the industry is overcapitalized. Many cities have hundreds of excess hospital beds; hospitals have proli
6、ferated a superabundance of high-technology equipment; and structural ostentation and luxury were the order of the day. In any given day, one-fourth of all community beds are vacant; expensive equipment is underused or, worse, used unnecessarily. Capital investment brings rapidly rising operating co
7、sts.Yet, in part, this pessimism derives from expecting too much of health care. It must be realized that care is, for most people, a painful experience, often accompanied by fear and unwelcome results. Although there is vast room for improvement, health care will always retain some unpleasantness a
8、nd frustration. Moreover, the capacities of medical science are limited. Humpty Dumpty cannot always be put back together again. Too many physicians are reluctant to admit their limitations to patients; too many patients and families are unwilling to accept such realities. Nor is it true that everyt
9、hing has been tried and nothing works, as shown by the prepaid group practice plans of the Kaiser Foundation and at Puget Sound. In the main, however, such undertakings have been drowned by a veritable flood of public and private moneys which have supported and encouraged the continuation of convent
10、ional practices and subsidized their shortcomings on a massive, almost unrestricted scale. Except for the most idealistic and dedicated, there were no incentives to seek change or to practice self-restraint or frugality. In this atmosphere, it is not fair to condemn as failures all attempted experim
11、ents; it may be more accurate to say many never had a fair trial.1.The author implies that the Kaiser Foundation and Puget Sound plans (lines 47-48) differed from other plans by（ ）.2.The author mentions all of the following as consequences of full-cost reimbursement EXCEPT（ ）.3.The tone of the passa
12、ge can best be described as（ ）.4.According to the author, the “pessimism” mentioned at line 35 is partly attributable to the fact that（ ）.5.The author cites the prepaid plans in lines 46-48 as（ ）.6.It can be inferred that the sentence “Humpty Dumpty cannot always be put back together again” means th
13、at（ ）.7.With which of the following descriptions of the system for the delivery of health-care services would the author most likely agree?8.Which of the following best describes the logical structure of the selection?9.The authors primary concern is to（ ）.问题1选项A.encouraging capital investmentB.requ
14、iring physicians to treat the poorC.providing incentives for cost controlD.employing only dedicated and idealistic doctorsE.relying primarily on public funding问题2选项A.rising operating costsB.underused hospital facilitiesC.overcapitalizationD.overreliance on expensive equipmentE.lack of services for m
15、inorities问题3选项A.light-hearted and amusedB.objective but concernedC.detached and unconcernedD.cautious but sincereE.enthusiastic and enlightened问题4选项A.there has been little real improvement in health-care servicesB.expectations about health-care services are sometimes unrealisticC.large segments of t
16、he population find it impossible to get access to health-care servicesD.advances in technology have made health care service unaffordableE.doctors are now less concerned with patient care问题5选项A.counterexamples to the claim that nothing has workedB.examples of health-care plans that were over-fundedC.evidence that h
