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1、感觉记忆（SM）sensory memory短期记忆（STM）short-term M。长期记忆（LTMlong-term memory复诵rehearsal预示（激发）priming童年失忆症hildhood amnesia视觉编码（表征）visual code（representation）听觉编码一acoustic code运作记忆working memory语意性知识一semantic knowledge记忆扫瞄程序一memory scanning procedure竭尽式扫瞄程序-exhaustive S.P。自我终止式扫瞄一elf-terminated S。程序性知识一proced
2、ural knowledge命题（陈述）性知识propositional（declarative）knowledge情节（轶事）性知识一episodic K。讯息处理深度一epth of processing精致化处理一elaboration登录特殊性一coding specificity记忆术一mnemonic位置记忆法一method of loci字钩法一peg word（线）探索（测）（激发）字一prime关键词key word命题思考propositional thought心像思考imaginal thought行动思考motoric thought概念concept原型protot
3、ype属性property特征feature范例策略exemplar strategy语言相对性（假说）一linguistic relativity th。音素phoneme词素morpheme（字词的）外延与内涵意义一denotative & connotative meaning（句子的）表层与深层结构一surface & deep structure语意分析法semantic differential全句语言一holophrastic speech过度延伸over-extension电扌报式语言一telegraphic speech关键期critical period差异减缩法iffer
4、ence reduction侄0推working backward动机motive自由意志free will决定论determinism本能instinct种属特有行为pecies specific驱力drive诱因incentive驱力减低说rive reduction th。恒定状态（作用）一homeostasis原级与次级动机一primary & secondary M。功能独立一functional autonomy下视丘侧部（LH）lateral hypothalamus脂肪细胞说fat-cell theory o下视丘腹中部（VMH）ventromedial H定点论set poi
5、nt th。CCK胆囊调节激素第一性征primary sex characteristic第二性征secondary sex characteristic自我效能期望一self-efficiency expectancy 内在（发）动机一intrinsic motive外在（衍）动机一extrinsic motive成就需求N. achievement需求层级一hierarchy of needs自我实现self actualization冲突conflict多项仪polygraph肤电反应SR（认知）评估（cognitive appraisal）脸部回馈假说facial feedback h
6、ypothesis（生理）激发arousal挫折-攻击假说frustration-aggression hy。替代学习 vicarious learning 发展development先天nature后天nurture成熟maturation（视觉）偏好法preferential method习惯法habituation视觉悬崖visual cliff录 IJ夺或丰富（环境）deprivation or enrichment of env基模schema同化assimilation调适accommodation物体永久性bjective permanence运思前期preoperational
7、 st。保留概念conservation道德现实主义moral realism具体运思期oncrete operational形式运思期formal operational st。前俗例道德pre-conventional moral俗例道德conventional moral超俗例道德post-conventional moral气质temperament依附attachment性别认定gender identity性别配合sex typing性蕾期phallic stage恋亲冲突一edipal conflict 认同identification社会学习social learning情结c
8、omplex性另I恒定gender constancy青年期adolescence青春期 -puberty第二性征secondary sex characteristics认同危机identity crisis定向统合identity achievement早闭型统合foreclosure未定型统合moratorium迷失型统合identity diffusion传承generativity心理动力psycho-dynamics心理分析psychoanalysis行为论behaviorism心理生物观psycho-biological perspective认知cognition临床心理学家-
9、clinical psychologist谘商counseling人因工程human factor engineering组织organization潜意识unconsciousness完形心理学estalt psychology感觉sensation知觉perception实验法experimental method依变项dependent V。控制变项control V。生理physiology条件化conditioning学习learning比较心理学omparative psy。发展development社会心理学social psy。人格personality心理计量学一psycho
10、metrics受试（者）subject实验者预期效应一xperimenter expectancy effect 双盲法double一blind实地实验field experiment木目关correlation调查survey访谈interview个案研究case study观察observation心理测验psychological test纹理递变度texture gradient汪意attention型态辨识pattern recognition形象-背景figure-ground接近律proximity相似律similarity闭合律closure连续律continuity对称律sy
11、mmetry错觉illusion幻觉delusion恒常性constancy大小size形状shape位置location单眼线索monocular cue线性透视linear- perspective双眼线索binocular cue深度depth调节作用accommodation重迭superposition双眼融合binocular fusion辐辏作用convergence双眼像差binocular disparity向度dimension自动效应autokinetic effect运动视差motion parallax诱发运动induced motion闪光运动stroboscopi
12、c motion上下文、脉络ontext人工智能artificial intelligence A.I。脉络关系作用-context effect 模板匹配template matching整合分析法analysis-by-synthesis丰富性redundancy选择性selective无意识的推论-u nconscious inferences 运动后效motion aftereffect特征侦测器一feature detector 节省分数savings夕卜显与内隐记忆xplicit & implicit memory记忆广度memory span组集chunk序列位置效应erial
13、position effect起始效应primacy effect心（情）境依赖学习tate-dependent L。无意义 音节一nonsense syllable顺向干扰proactive interference逆向干扰retroactive interference闪光灯记忆flashbulb memory动机性遗忘motivated forgetting器质性失忆症一rganic amnesia 阿兹海默症Alzheimers disease近事（顺向）失忆症一anterograde amnesia 旧事（逆向）失忆一retrograde A。高沙可夫症候群一korsakoffs s
14、yndrome 凝固理论一consolidation 激发性excitatory抑制性inhibitory几何子geons由上而下处理一up-down process 由下而上处理bottom-up process连结者模式onnectionist model联结失识症associative agnosia脸孔辨识困难症rosopagnosia意识conscious（ness）意识改变状态altered states of consciousness无意识unconsciousness前意识preconsciousness内省法introspection边缘注意peripheral attention多重人格multiple personality午餐排队(鸡尾酒会)效应一lunch line(cocktail party) effect 自动化历程automatic process解离dissociate解离认同失常issociative id
